Tags & Description
Validity
________: Whether questions accurately measure the intended characteristic.
Confirmation bias
________: Tendency we all have to look for and accept information that reinforces what we already believe.
Globalization
________: Integration of political and economic systems; has brought about intercultural communication and an exchange of ideas and values.
Stratification
________: A system that puts categories of people into a hierarchy.
Ethnography
________: a type of in- depth study of a group and its culture.
Social class
________: A group of individuals who share a similar socio- economic position based on income, wealth, education, and occupation.
Candace West
Doing gender: ________ and Don Zimmerman developed the idea that we perform actions that produce gender.
Ethnocentrism
________: Cultural or ethnic bias, whether conscious or unconscious.
Wealth
________: the total amount of money that you possess or would possess if you sold off your assets.
Social capital
________: The information you have and the people you know, the connections you have that help individuals enter pre- existing networks or gain power from them.
socially determined positions
Roles: a set of expectations about the behavior and attitudes of people who occupy a particular social status: a person or group's ________ within a larger group or society.
Norms
________: rules and expectations by which a group guides the behavior of its members.
Lober
________- Meanings of gender are created through social interaction and social norms.
Conspicuous consumption
________: Gaining prestige by exhibiting valuable cultural goods.
●Ideology
________- Cultural beliefs that justify particular social arrangements, including patterns of inequality.
individual earns
Income: the amount of money a(n) ________ from employment or investments.
Unit of analysis
________: Item observed in a study (ex: individual people, cities, neighborhoods, apartment complexes, nations)
●Narrative
________- A set of stories that tie you to a social group.
Ethnicity
________: common culture, religion, history, or ancestry shared by a group of people.
Correlation
________: relationship between variables.
●race
________ has been used to justify some dimensions of the social world.
Survey
________: Gathering data by asking people sets of questions.
Audit study
________: Research experiment in which researchers match participants on key characteristics.
Operationalization
________: A way of defining variables into measurable items.
possible value
A variable: is any characteristic that has more than one ________.
Reliability
________: Consistency of measurements.
Meritocracy
________: A belief that personal responsibility and individual effort are the sole.
Life chances
________: Refers to the Opportunities to provide yourself with material goods, positive living conditions, and favorable life experiences.
Gender identity
________: as a personal conception of oneself as male, female, both, or neither.
Race
________: a system that humans created to classify groups of people based mostly on skin tone.
Poverty
Absolute ________: A measure that considers the basic necessities of life such as food, shelter, and clothing; those without these necessities are considered poor.
Phenotype
________: The human phenotype is a set of visible characteristics like the color of our skin, hair and eyes.
Participant observation
________: Research method in which researcher spends time among a group, observing and participating in their daily lives.
research method
Experiment: A(n) ________ in which the environment is controlled to isolate the effects of one factor or characteristic.
Relative Poverty
________: Is a measure that takes into account the relative economic status of people in a society by looking at how income is distributed.
Spurious relationship
________: When a third variable actually explains the apparent connection between two variables.
Cumulative Advantages
________: Advantages that are built up over generations and contribute to social class inequality.
Feminism
________: refers to a collection of movements that advocate for equality of all genders and sexes.●By focusing on the experiences of women and adding these to the experience of men, feminist research allowed for findings to be more generalizable.
Social structure
________: set of social statuses, roles, groups, networks, and institutions that organize and influence the way people go about their lives.
Karl Marx
- conflict theory
- Relational sociologist \n - The central conflict in an industrialist society is between two groups
Alienation
feeling separate from work, others and a sense of humanity
Max Weber
symbolic interactionism
Sociologists generate interpretative understandings
His approach is distinctly cultural
Introduced the idea of methodological individualism
Emile Durkheim
Structural Functionalism
Integration and regulation - Too little regulation leads to "Anomie"
Introduced the concept of mechanical and organic solidarity
○Integration and regulation
Too little regulation leads to "Anomie"
participant observation
Research method in which researcher spends time among a group, observing and participating in their daily lives
Operationalization
A way of defining variables into measurable items
correlation
relationship between variables
Causation
One variable causes a change in another variable
direction of relationship
Which variable is affecting the other when a relationship exists
spurious relationship
When a third variable actually explains the apparent connection between two variables
Validity
Whether questions accurately measure the intended characteristic
Reliability
Consistency of measurements
social desirability bias
Problems introduced to data when respondents give answers they believe are socially acceptable
social structure
set of social statuses, roles, groups, networks, and institutions that organize and influence the way people go about their lives
●Agents of socialization
People and groups who influence our orientation to life, our self-concept, emotions, attitudes, and behaviors
●Ideology
Cultural beliefs that justify particular social arrangements, including patterns of inequality
●Narrative
A set of stories that tie you to a social group
Norms
rules and expectations by which a group guides the behavior of its members
Resources
the things which are valuable or allow us to accomplish goals
life chances
Refers to the Opportunities to provide yourself with material goods, positive living conditions, and favorable life experiences
social network
Series of social relationships that link a person directly to other individuals and indirectly to even more people
social institutions
Central domains of social life that guide our behaviors and meet our
social class
A group of individuals who share a similar socio-economic position based on income, wealth, education, and occupation
content analysis
Analysis of existing sources, focusing on key themes and patterns
Ethnography
a type of in-depth study of a group and its culture
confirmation bias
Tendency we all have to look for and accept information that reinforces what we already believe
hypothesis
a statement about how variables are expected to relate to each other
Stratification
A system that puts categories of people into a hierarchy
income
the amount of money an individual earns from employment or investments
Wealth
the total amount of money that you possess or would possess if you sold off your assets
social mobility
Movement from an ascribed social class position to a new achieved social class position
cumulative Advantages
Advantages that are built up over generations and contribute to social class inequality
Meritocracy
A belief that personal responsibility and individual effort are the sole
Absolute Poverty
A measure that considers the basic necessities of life such as food, shelter, and clothing; those without these necessities are considered poor
Relative Poverty
Is a measure that takes into account the relative economic status of people in a society by looking at how income is distributed
social capital
The information you have and the people you know, the connections you have that help individuals enter pre-existing networks or gain power from them
Ethnocentrism
Cultural or ethnic bias, whether conscious or unconscious
cultural appropriation
Members of a dominant culture adopting cultural goods (e.g., ideas, symbols, skills, cultural expressions, intellectual property) of other cultural groups for profit
cultural imperialism
Imposition of a dominant group's material and symbolic culture onto another group
Globalization
Integration of political and economic systems; has brought about intercultural communication and an exchange of ideas and values
gender identity
as a personal conception of oneself as male, female, both, or neither
lober
Meanings of gender are created through social interaction and social norms
doing gender
Candace West and Don Zimmerman developed the idea that we perform actions that produce gender
feminism
refers to a collection of movements that advocate for equality of all genders and sexes.●By focusing on the experiences of women and adding these to the experience of men, feminist research allowed for findings to be more generalizable