Living Life Paycheck to Paycheck

Process in which many African and Asian states won their independence from Western colonial rule (1), in most cases by negotiated settlement (1) with gradual political reforms (1) and a program of investment rather than through military confrontation.

The political leader of the Indian drive for independence from Great Britain (1); rejected the goal of modern industrialization (1) and advocated nonviolence (1).

Organization established in 1885 (1) by Western-educated elite Indians (1) in an effort to win a voice in the governance of India; the INC became a major popular movement that won India’s independence from Britain (1).

Created in 1906, was a response to the Indian National Congress (1) in India’s struggle for independence from Britain; the League’s leader, Muhammad Ali Jinnah (1), argued that regions of India with a Muslim majority should form a separate state called Pakistan (1).

South African political party established in 1912 (1) by elite Africans who sought to win full acceptance in colonial society (1); it gradually became a popular movement that came to control the government in 1994 (1).

Founder and first president of the Republic of Turkey (1881–1938) (1); as military commander and leader of the Turkish national movement (1), he made Turkey into a secular state (1).

Occurring within all the major world religions (1), fundamentalism is a self-proclaimed return to the “fundamentals” (1) of a religion and is marked by a militant piety (1).