AP Bio Exam Review [in progress!!]

Building blocks of polymers, combine through dehydration synthesis releasing water.

Process where monomers form covalent bonds releasing a water molecule.

Contain various types of monomers, composition and sequence crucial for function.

Breaks bonds by adding water, one molecule gains "H" and the other gains "OH".

Made of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen, include monosaccharides, disaccharides, and polysaccharides.

Includes primary, secondary, tertiary, and quaternary structures, interactions of amino acids crucial.

Fats composed of fatty acids and glycerol, form ester bonds through dehydration synthesis.

DNA and RNA composed of nucleotides, contain nitrogenous bases, sugars, and phosphate groups.

Includes ER, Golgi apparatus, lysosomes, and plasma membrane, involved in protein synthesis and transport.

Have a membrane-bound nucleus, organelles, and linear chromosomes, larger than prokaryotic cells.

Disease characterized by uncontrolled cell division, including replicative immortality, metastasis, and angiogenesis.

Cell division process for producing gametes with daughter cells having half the chromosomes of parent cells.

Benign tumors do not invade other tissues, while malignant tumors can invade other tissues and metastasize.

Genes that promote cell division when overactivated, contributing to cancer development.

Similar but not identical chromosome pairs involved in meiosis.

Genetic recombination process occurring in prophase I of meiosis.

Charts showing trait presence across generations, used to determine inheritance patterns.

Involves operons, transcription factors, and processes like chromatin accessibility in eukaryotes.

Process where heritable traits favoring survival lead to increased offspring with those traits.

Evolution mechanism causing allele frequency changes due to chance, especially in small populations.