APUSH Chapter 18

System that lets the winning party distribute appointive government jobs to loyal party members; also called the spoils system.

Derogatory term for defenders of the patronage system

NYC political organization that often dominated city and sometimes state politics by controlling the Democratic Party in NYC

Which party claimed to be the party of patriotism and claimed that postwar economic growth resulted from their polices?

What party stood against protective tariff and land grants, equating government activism with privileges for a favored few

What party favored a strictly limited role for the government in the economy and condemned prohibition.

Which party was made up of Catholic, Irish, German, an other immigrants as well as southern whites

Which party was made up of old-stock Protestants, Scandinavian and British immigrants, an nearly all African Americans

Why did Ulysses S. Grant seem unprepared when he was elected president?

Company created to build the Union Pacific Railroad; in a scandalous deal uncovered in 1872-1873, it sold shares cheaply to congressmen who approved federal subsidies for railroad construction.

Distillers and federal revenue officials in STL who were revealed in 1875 to have defrauded the government of millions of dollars in whiskey taxes.

What Republican won the presidential election of 1880?

James A. Gardfield was assasinated on July 2, 1881 by Charles Guiteau. Who replaced him as president?

Who were the democratic and republican nominations for the 1884 election?

What Democratic president was heavily committed to minimal government and cutting federal spending. Vetoed 414 bills in his first term.

(ICC) The first federal regulatory commission created in 1887 to regulate railroads and require that rates be”reasonable and just”

As president what did Grover Cleveland think the nation’s biggest problem was?

In the 1888 Presidential Election who did Grover Cleveland lose to?

With the election of Benjamin Harrison as president and Republican control of Congress, what did Republicans set out to do quickly?

Tariff passed by Congress in 1890 that sought not only to protect established industries but by prohibiting duties t stimulate the creation of new industries.

Along with revising tariffs, what did President Benjamin Harrison and republicans set out o do?

Law passed by congress in 1890 authorizing the federal government to prosecute any “combination… in restraints of trade” ; because of adverse court rulings, it had little initial affect. This was Republicans response to public concern over monopolies.

Organization for farmers that combined social activities with education about improved farming methods and cooperative economic efforts.

Why did farmers hate railroads?

State laws regulating railroads, passed in several states in the 1870s in response to lobbying by the Grange and other groups.

With the decline of the Grange, some farmers looked to what?

Party that argued that printing more unbacked paper money would increase he supply of money and thereby stabilize the economy.

Americans saw the ______ as essential if American business were to compete effectively in international markets for capital and goods.

What groups of people supported silver coinage?

1878 law providing for federal purchase of limited amounts of silver to be coined into silver dollars.

An 1890 law requiring the federal government to increase its purchases of silver to be coined into silver dollars.

Reformers, mostly Republicans, of the 1880s and 1890s who opposed political corruption and campaigned for reform, especially civil service reform, sometimes crossing party boundaries to achieve their goals.

Mugwumps advocated for a ______ for appointive governmental positions. Led to the Pendleton Act.

An 1883 law that created the Civil Service Commission and instituted a merit system of competitive examinations for federal hiring and jobs.

In 1848, _______ organized the world’s first Woman’s Right Convention, held at Seneca Falls, NY

Elizabeth Cady Stanton and ______ became the most prominent advocates for woman’s suffrage and rights.

Women’s suffrage organization formed in 1869 and led by Stanton and Anthony; worked for suffrage and unionizing female workers.

Boston-based woman’s suffrage organization formed in 1869; welcomed men and solely worked towards female suffrage.

Where did victories in women’s suffrage first come from?

First state to adopt female suffrage through a popular vote in 1893

A ballot printed by the government, rather than by political parties, and marked privately.

Members of the People’s Party; held their first presidential nominating convention in 1892; called for federal action to control bug business and assist farmer and workers.

Populism grew out of thee economic problems of _____.

Organizations of farmers in the 1880s and 1890s , similar to the Grange

What were the three elements of Populism

Who won the presidential election of 1892?

Who did the democrats and republicans nominate in the 1896 presidential election?

What was McKinley’s platform in the presidential election of 1896?

In the presidential election of 1896, what did

William Jennings Bryan see as the most important issue?

Who won the presidential election of 1896 and what did this mean for the Populist Party?

U.S. Secretary of State under Lincoln and Andrew Johnson who had expansion views ad arranged the purchase of Alaska from Russia.

Alaska was bought from Tsar Nicholas II in 1867 for _______ $

After the civil war, American diplomats took new interest in _______, partly because some Americans wanted a more prominent role there and partly because European powers were starting to exert influence there.

The intimidation of the United States forced what European country out of Mexico and renewed respect in Europe for the role of the U.S. in Latin America.

President of Mexico who led resistance to French troops occupying his country in 1864-1867.

Americans had long-standing commercial interests in Eastern Asia especially ___ who granted the U.S. most-favored nation status.

The United States intimidated which two Asian countries to open their ports to commerce?

Why did the U.S. initially become interested in Hawaii?

Naval officer and historian who stressed the importance of sea power in international politics and diplomacy.

Last queen of Hawaii whose desire to restore land to the Hawaiin people and strengthen the monarchy prompted non-native planters to remove her from power in 1893. Hawaii then asked for annexation by the U.S.

What dispute nearly brought the U.S. into war in 1895-1896? Grover Cleveland helped persuade foreign powers that the Western Hemisphere was off-limits to colonization

Spanish policy in Cuba in 1896 that ordered the civilian population into fortified areas to as to isolate and annihilate the outside revolutionaries.

The use of sensational exposes, embellished reporting, and attention-grabbing headlines to sell newspapers. Helped garner support among Americans to liberate Cuba from Spanish rule.

Spanish minister to the U.S. whose letter criticizing President McKinley was stolen and printed in the New York Journal, increasing anti-Spanish sentiment.

American warship that exploded in Havana Harbor in 1898, inspiring the motto “remember the Maine” which spurred the Spanish American War.

What three events helped spur the Spanish-American War?

1. Declaring that Cuba was and should be independent.

2. Demanding Spain withdraw at once

3. Authorizing the president to use force to accomplish Spanish withdrawal

4. Disavowing any intention to annex the island.

How did Spain respond to the Teller Amendment?

What was the first engagement of the Spanish-American War?

How long did the Spanish-American War last?

What town did U.S. troops capture in Cuba where the Spanish fleet had taken refuge.

An 1898 treaty ending the Spanish-American War, under which Spain granted independence to Cuba, ceded Puerto Rico and Guam to the U.S., and sold the Philippines to the U.S. for 20 million.

The Treaty of Paris solidified America as a _______.

The practice by which a nation acquires and holds colonies and other possessions, denies them self-government, and usually exploit them economically.

Who won the election of 1900?

Amendment to the Army Appropriations Act of 1901, sponsored by Sen. Orville Platt; set terms for the withdrawal of the U.S. Army from Cuba, effectively making Cuba an American protectorate.

1900 law establishing civilian government in Puerto Rico; provided for an elected legislative and a governor appointed by the U.S. president.

1900 SCOTUS decision concerning Puerto Rico; held that people in new island territories did not automatically receive the constitutional rights of U.S. citezens.

Leader of unsuccessful struggles for Philippine independence, first against Spain then the U.S.

Treaty of Berlin gave the United States _____

After the Treaty of Berlin, the U.S. now began to participate in the East Asian _______.

The notion that nations may restrict one another’s actions b/c of the relative equality of their naval or military forces.

Diplomatic messages in 1899-1900 by which Secretary of State John Hay announced American support for Chinese autonomy and approved efforts by other powers to carve China into exclusive spheres of influence.

Uprising in China in 1900 directed against foreign powers attempting to dominate China; suppressed by an international Army.