Chapter 17: Adaptive Immunity: Specific Defenses of the Host 

________ focus on recognizing antigens that have already entered a cell.

________ induce leukocytes to migrate to areas of infection of tissue damage where they can begin to act against an infection.

________ makes up 6 % of the antibodies in serum and has a pentamer structure.

________ and nucleic acids are usually antigenic only when combined with proteins and antibodies will react with the hapten independent of the carrier molecule.

________ serve as communications primarily between leukocytes.

________ are usually found in a resting state.

________ for only about 13 % of the antibodies in serum, but it is by far the most common form in mucous membranes and in body secretion such as mucus, salvica, tears, and breast milk.

________ take place in the extracellular spaces within the body.

________ were originally named for one of their functions: the ability to interfere with viral infections in host cells.

________ constitute only 0.002 % of the total serum antibodies and bind tightly by their Fc regions to receptors on mast cells and basophils.

________ are soluble proteins or glycoproteins.

Artificially acquired immunity involves the ________ into the body.

________ is the coating of antigens with antibodies or complement proteins.

________ is the process that allows activated B cells to produce plasma cells that make antibodies as well as memory cells.

________ makes up only about 0.02 % of the total serum antibodies.

________ that induce production of antibodies are called antigens.

The ________ comes into play only when innate defenses such as skin fail to stop a microbe.

________ is a bivalent antibody that has the simplest molecular structure.

________ are secondary lymphoid organs located on the intestinal wall.

A vaccine formulated with a(n) ________ of a pathogen incites an adaptive response which allows for people to become immune to illnesses without any danger of a full- blown infection.

________ (immunization): a procedure that harnesses the adaptive immune response.

________ control the pathways by which stem cells develop into red blood cells or different white blood cells.

________ are classified by certain glycoproteins on their cell surface called clusters of differentiation or CD.

The ________ digested antigen fragments on its surface by surface by combining them with its major histocompatibility complex.

Antibodies (immunoglobulin) ________ called antigens.

________ stimulate B cells directly, without the help of T cells.

When a(n) ________ encounters an antigen for which it is specific, their binding forms an antigen- antibody complex.

________: the first time the adaptive immune system meets and combats a particular antigen.

Antibodies are compact, relatively ________.

________ can do significant damage to tissues which appears as a factor in the pathology of certain diseases such as influenza.

________ are not capable of attacking target cells as they emerge from the thymus as cells.

When an individual is given artificially acquired ________, it confers an immediate passive protection against the disease.

________ is acquired actively when a person is exposed to microorganisms or foreign substances and the immune system responds.

________ only acts on a cell that has a receptor for it.

________ introduce antigens to the body.

________ may trigger activation of the complement system.

a procedure that harnesses the adaptive immune response

the first time the adaptive immune system meets and combats a particular antigen

immune actions taking place in these extracellular fluids, brought about by protective molecules called antibodies

the ability to interfere with viral infections in host cells