Honors Biology: Unit 2 Biochemistry Learning Targets

Enzymes

________ catalyze chemical reactions by lowering the activation energy needed, which speeds up the reactions as well.

E Can you

________ determine the position of the atoms (i.e.

D Water

What is an inorganic molecule but is essential to living things? Answer with a single words or term.

Amino acids

________ linked by peptide bonds (by dehydration synthesis)

protein

Each ________ has its own unique sequence of amino acids which join to make polypeptides, which then join to make proteins, so the sequence has a direct impact on ________ shape and function.

atom

What is the smallest unit of an element that still has the chemical properties of that element? Answer with a single words or term.

carbon

Explain why ________ is a good element to make up all organic molecules.

Organic molecules

________ are complex molecules primarily consisting of carbon atoms bonded with each other or with other elements.

Nitrogenous base

________ is a hexagon & pentagon joined together, 4 kinds of bases (Adenine, Guanine, Cytosine, Thymine /Uracil), nucleotides contain a phosphate, nitrogenous, and sugar group (either ribose or deoxyribose)

atomic numbers

The ________ remain unchanged because the number of protons and electrons stay the same for isotopes.

ratio of atoms

The ________ is 1 Carbon: 2 Hydrogens: 1 Oxygen & there are simple sugars (CH2O) n, sometimes a chain of glucose, galactose, fructose, has CH2OH, hexagon & pentagon shapes.

carbon atoms

The ________ are double bonded with the oxygen atoms before the chemical reaction in order to create a carbon dioxide molecule.

C 12 means Molecule A

________ has an atomic mass of 12, while C- 14 means that Molecule B has an atomic mass of 14.

Carbon

________ is a good element to make up all organic molecules because it can form up to 4 covalent bonds (it has 4 [valence] electrons in its outer shell; allows for sharing of electrons), bonds easily with other carbons, and has straight or branched chains and rings.

Carbon

________ can join other carbon atoms in chains and rings to form large and complex molecules by forming up to 4 covalent bonds; it easily bonds with other carbons and has straight or branched chains and rings.

carbon

Explain how ________ can join to other carbon atoms in chains and rings to form large and complex molecules.