General

For the sensory stimulus to be processed and interpreted by the central nervous system, it is necessary to recognize them through specific organs, called sensory receptors.
The sensory receptors can be known as exteroceptors, interoceptors, and proprioceptors.
Through the type of stimulus received by the sensory receptors, it is also possible to classify them as mechanoreceptors, thermoreceptors, nociceptors, and photoreceptors.

Hearing

Hearing is the perception of sounds from waves of vibration, which are amplified and transformed by accessory structures of the ear. The organ of hearing is called the vestibulocochlear organ. The ear is also responsible for balance, and it has three parts: the external, middle, and internal.
The middle ear contains three connected ossicles: the malleus, the incus, and the stapes. The malleus maintains contact with the eardrum, triggering the movements of these ossicles. The vibrations are transmitted to the oval window, one of the holes that connect the middle ear to the inner ear.
The vibrations are conducted to the inner ear, where it's possible to find the sensorium receptors of the sound stimulus. As they arrive, some pressure waves are created inside the cochlea.
In the cochlea, there are receptor cells that form the organ of Corti, from which the auditory nerve departs, forwarding the sound signals to the brain.

The nose participates in the breathing process. Thus, the nasal cavity is humid and vascularized and contains hairs that help filter particles in the air.
The olfactory epithelium is in the nasal cavity. And it's formed by different cell types.
These cells generate nerve impulses that are sent via the olfactory nerve to the bulb. And the information is interpreted by the olfactory cortex. This sensory information is processed by the hippocampus, allowing the olfactory memory to be maintained. The olfactory stimulus is also propagated to the hypothalamus, regulating various functions such as sexual behavior, parental care, and appetite.

The human skin is the largest organ of humans. And has mechanoreceptors, thermoreceptors, and pain receptors that determine the sensation of touch.

The human eye has a single lens and structures that can dilate or contract, controlling the light intensity reaching the eye. The eyeball has three cover layers: the conjunctiva, sclera, and choroid.
Covering the choroid is the retina, in which are the photoreceptors are distributed, forming the optic disc.
The lens separates the structure into two cavities: one in front, loaded with aqueous humor. And the other, behind the lens, filled by the vitreous humor. Two types of photoreceptors, known as cones and rods, are found in the retina of human beings.
Cones are less sensitive to light and provide color vision. Therefore, they do not contribute to night vision. In turn, rods are much more sensitive to light and do not distinguish between; they are fundamental for night vision.
Visual information is captured by the photoreceptors and transmitted by the optic nerve to the brain. That's where the stimuli are processed in the visual cortex.

The sense of taste depends on the stimulation of the receptors by chemical substances coming mainly from food.
The gustatory sense acts in conjunction with the olfactory sense. Since the centers of smell and taste are located in the same region of the brain, combining sensory information.
On the tongue, there are numerous taste buds. On the base of these cells are nerve terminations that allow information to be sent to the brain.

For the sensory stimulus to be processed and interpreted by the central nervous system, it is necessary to recognize them through specific organs, called sensory receptors.
The sensory receptors can be known as exteroceptors, interoceptors, and proprioceptors.
Through the type of stimulus received by the sensory receptors, it is also possible to classify them as mechanoreceptors, thermoreceptors, nociceptors, and photoreceptors.

Hearing is the perception of sounds from waves of vibration, which are amplified and transformed by accessory structures of the ear. The organ of hearing is called the vestibulocochlear organ. The ear is also responsible for balance, and it has three parts: the external, middle, and internal.
The middle ear contains three connected ossicles: the malleus, the incus, and the stapes. The malleus maintains contact with the eardrum, triggering the movements of these ossicles. The vibrations are transmitted to the oval window, one of the holes that connect the middle ear to the inner ear.
The vibrations are conducted to the inner ear, where it's possible to find the sensorium receptors of the sound stimulus. As they arrive, some pressure waves are created inside the cochlea.
In the cochlea, there are receptor cells that form the organ of Corti, from which the auditory nerve departs, forwarding the sound signals to the brain.

The nose participates in the breathing process. Thus, the nasal cavity is humid and vascularized and contains hairs that help filter particles in the air.
The olfactory epithelium is in the nasal cavity. And it's formed by different cell types.
These cells generate nerve impulses that are sent via the olfactory nerve to the bulb. And the information is interpreted by the olfactory cortex. This sensory information is processed by the hippocampus, allowing the olfactory memory to be maintained. The olfactory stimulus is also propagated to the hypothalamus, regulating various functions such as sexual behavior, parental care, and appetite.

The human skin is the largest organ of humans. And has mechanoreceptors, thermoreceptors, and pain receptors that determine the sensation of touch.

The human eye has a single lens and structures that can dilate or contract, controlling the light intensity reaching the eye. The eyeball has three cover layers: the conjunctiva, sclera, and choroid.
Covering the choroid is the retina, in which are the photoreceptors are distributed, forming the optic disc.
The lens separates the structure into two cavities: one in front, loaded with aqueous humor. And the other, behind the lens, filled by the vitreous humor. Two types of photoreceptors, known as cones and rods, are found in the retina of human beings.
Cones are less sensitive to light and provide color vision. Therefore, they do not contribute to night vision. In turn, rods are much more sensitive to light and do not distinguish between; they are fundamental for night vision.
Visual information is captured by the photoreceptors and transmitted by the optic nerve to the brain. That's where the stimuli are processed in the visual cortex.

The sense of taste depends on the stimulation of the receptors by chemical substances coming mainly from food.
The gustatory sense acts in conjunction with the olfactory sense. Since the centers of smell and taste are located in the same region of the brain, combining sensory information.
On the tongue, there are numerous taste buds. On the base of these cells are nerve terminations that allow information to be sent to the brain.