Biology

## Definition

* ***__A species is a group of similar individuals with the capacity to intercross or the potential of interbreeding, resulting in the formation of fertile descendants.__***

## **__Reproductive isolation__**

* ***Beings of different species can be in two conditions: either not matin

Species

World History

# Context

* The French monarchy has its origins in the Treaty of Verdun, in 843, with the division of the Frankish Empire. In 987, the Carolingian monarchy was extinguished. And the Capetingian dynasty began under Hugo Capeto (r. 987-996), which had vaguely extended its rights of suzerainty beyond 

The French Monarchy

European History

***__In Europe, at the beginning of the 19th century__, liberal ideas, spread by Napoleon, pleased more and more the bourgeoisie. These ideals preached the end of the State's interference in private and public life and fought against mercantilism, the economic model employed by absolutism.***

***Li

European Revolutions- 1830 & 1848

Renaissance Background The Renaissance began in Florence on the Italian Peninsula in the mid-14th century, and it was later spreading throughout Europe. Renaissance art was marked by the exaltation of the world and human beings.  From a technical point of view, Renaissance artists were concerned wit 

RENAISSANCE 

## Socrates

* Socrates was born in Athens around 469 B.C. and in the years when the city was a democracy ruled by Pericles and exercised hegemony over the Greek world. 
* He always showed himself to be a brave and firm man. He participated in great battles and earned a good reputation as a soldier.

The Socratic Philosophy

Geography

The Earth&#39;s surface is characterized by variations of features and altitudes, with slopes and steep slopes, i.e., by various forms of landform.<p

The formation of landform

## **__Context__**

* ***In the middle of the 17th century, the first industrial revolution began in England; other countries only started this process in the following century.***
* ***__This revolution was marked by large quantities of factories, huge railroads, the migration of the population fro

The First Industrial Revolution

Since a long time ago, humans have observed the stars to guide themselves on the surface of the planet. Location is the first step in studying Geography since this science describes and explains space. In this discipline, locating is equivalent to dating in History.  Thanks to the study of the stars 

Introduction to Astronomy

## **Characteristics** 

* All seaweeds are eukaryotic. 
* They can be unicellular and pluricellular. 
* Seaweeds have plastids, which contain chlorophyll and other pigments. Thus, algae are photosynthesizing autotrophs. Seaweeds inhabit environments that have moisture and light. This includes the m

Seaweeds

%%Arthur Schopenhaue%%r (1788-1860) belongs, to a certain extent, to the tradition of German idealism, being the heir of Kant's critical metaphysics. However, in his ideas, one can notice the influence of Romanticism and Indian philosophical-religious thought. If, on the one hand, he accepts the rat

Schopenhauer and Pessimism

# Napoleon

* Napoleon Bonaparte's strong personality dominated the European scene. B
* Born in 1769, Bonaparte grew up in Corsica and was the son of anti-French revolutionaries.
* However, upon studying at the academy, he became a lieutenant of artillery, the highest rank for those not noble. With 

The Napoleonic Era 

Art History

Each artistic movement of the avant-garde presented very diverse proposals mainly in terms of the aesthetics of the productions and the structuring principles that sometimes converged and sometimes diverged from each other. Thus, each group of artists reacted in various ways to the changes, denying  

Artistic Vanguards

* ***Prehistory is the longest period of human history and is where the emergence of the human species occurred.*** 
* ***This period has 2 phases: Paleolithic and Neolithic.***

## **__The Paleolithic Period__**

***The Paleolithic -a term meaning "ancient stone age"- began with the appearance of t

Prehistory

During the Middle Ages, the Eastern Roman Empire started to get called the Byzantine Empire. And, as with the Western Empire in antiquity, the government was in the hands of the emperor, who was said to be God's chosen one and therefore had absolute authority. Faced with the economic and administrat 

Byzantine Empire

Prehistoric art happened in two main periods: Paleolithic art (superior) and Neolithic art, which may have different characteristics depending on the region. However, the first artistic manifestations date to the end of the Lower Paleolithic (300000 B.C.) and are situated around 40000 B.C. The art o 

Prehistory of Art

Sensory OrgansFor the sensory stimulus to be processed and interpreted by the cen

Sensory Organs

Street art as a popular manifestation has existed for a long time. The Greeks produced this kind of art when they recited poems in public spaces, sang and played instruments, or painted walls with messages and drawings that could be appreciated by all. During the period of the Roman Empire, from 27  

Street Art

Government

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## **The globalized world**

**After the 1990s, capitalism reached almost the world.** 

* **This wide spread of capitalism, marked by its contradictions, is called globalization or globalization and affects countries in different ways.** 
* **While some assimilate new technologies and have commer

The globalized world

Industrialization requires the formation of an industrial system, a process that demands high investments and enables changes in the organization of geographic space. The industrial dynamics also promote changes in the social, economic, and cultural areas, since society industrializes. The way this  

Industrialization in the World

During the Scientific Revolution, a movement that took place in Europe since the Renaissance, the ways of interpreting nature underwent radical changes that eventually established the basis for modern scientific conceptions. Today, in Biology, scientists conduct two main types of scientific research 