NEW Unit 5B Forestry, Mining, and Misc.

a timber harvesting technique that involves removing all or almost all the trees within an area

Extremely hot and destructive forest fire that burns ground vegetation and treetops.

The removal of trees without replacing them.

The time it takes to use up a certain proportion (usually 80%) of the reserves of a mineral at a given rate of use

A measure of how much an individual consumes, expressed in area of land or number of earths.

the commercially valueless material in which ore is found.

the study of the origin, history, and structure of Earth

Ore that contains a fairly large amount of the desired mineral.

Any surface through which water can NOT seep down into the ground

Downward movement of water through soil.

Ore containing a small amount of a desired mineral.

a naturally occurring, inorganic solid that has a crystal structure and a definite chemical composition

Type of surface mining that uses explosives, massive shovels, and even larger machinery called draglines to remove the top of a mountain to expose seams of coal underneath a mountain.

Forests that have not been cut - or not in a very long time. They generally include more large trees, canopy layers, standing snags, native species, and dead organic matter.

A mining technique that uses a large hole in the ground, visible from the surface of Earth.

Rock that contains a metal or economically useful mineral

Layer of soil and rock overlying a mineral deposit.

A fire deliberately set under controlled conditions in order to reduce the accumulation of dead biomass on a forest floor

minerals that have not been accessed yet.

Forests that have been cut.

The method of harvesting trees that involves the removal of single trees or a relatively small number of trees from among many in a forest.

The process by which ore is melted to separate the useful metal from other elements.

waste residue from smelting metal.

a pile of overburden that has been moved

involves the removal of the Earth's surface all the way down to the level of the mineral seam.

Extraction of a metal ore or fuel resource such as coal from a deep underground deposit.

Forest fire that burns only undergrowth and leaf litter on the forest floor.

The extraction of mineral and energy resources near Earth's surface by first removing the soil, subsoil, and overlying rock strata.

Highest rate at which a potentially renewable resource can be used indefinitely without reducing its available supply.

Piles of rock and other waste materials removed as impurities when waste mineral material is separated from the metal in an ore.

the tendency of a shared, limited resource to become depleted because people act from self-interest for short-term gain

planted stands of a particular tree species

The process of urban areas expanding outwards, usually in the form of suburbs, and developing over fertile agricultural land.

waste from coal mining that contains mercury, arsenic and lead

Movement of people from rural areas to cities

Warmer, milder summers cause this insect to feed on the bark of conifers, killing the trees (climate change alters forests!)

One of several fungi destroying large numbers of deciduous trees