The Age of Exploration and Conquest

people who drew maps

mapped harbours and coastlines

measured a ship's speed in knots

helped determine a ship's latitude (distance from equator) by using the position of the stars and sun

used to record speed

used to identify the north

large and sturdy ship used to make long voyages and able to sail in all winds

Planks fitted edge to edge rather than overlapped

made it easier to steer caravels

bigger versions of the caravels - used when sailing the Atlantic

triangular sails added to the ships to help steer through wind

lack of vitamin C - loss teeth

sailors rebelling against their captain

killed as punishment

trade route to China

set up the school of navigation at Sagres

1487; sailed to the Cape of Good Hope along the coast of Africa

1497; sailed to Calicut in India around the coast of Africa

discovered America in 1492; thought he was in Asia so called the natives Indians

1522; proved the world was round

Sailing around the globe

Spanish for conquerors: soldiers who conquered the native peoples of South America

Conquered the Aztecs

a tribe in central Mexico who owned an empire

capital of the Aztec's Empire

Aztec King who was tricked by Cortés, killed during conquest

built on the remains of Tenochtitlan

when a country takes over another territory and settles some of its own people there to control it

a country controlled by another

Smallpox, measles and influenza killed most natives in colonised areas

ships sailed to African slaving ports and took slaves to the Americas

Portugal colonised Brazil - why they still speak Portuguese there

colonised east North America, India, Australia, New Zealand ad sections of Africa

conquered parts of North America, parts of Africa and Asia

1494; divided the New World between Spain and Portugal

South America

the exchange of foods and animals between Europe and the Americas