Gross Anatomy Lab Exam 1

Terms to identify in lab:

deep fascia

superficial fascia

neurovascular bundle

upper limb

forearm

arm

lower limb

thigh

leg

Parts of the rib

1. head

2. tubercle

3. angle

Label the posterior skull

1. external occipital protuberance

2. temporal bone

3. foramen magnum

4. inferior nuchal line

5. superior nuchal line

*also remember occipital bone

Label these two structures that are apart of the skull

1. external acoustic meatus

2. mastoid process

Know the differences between the structures of the cervical, thoracic, and lumbar vertebrae.

The cervical, thoracic, and lumbar vertebrae differ in location, shape, and function.

1. Cervical Vertebrae: Found in the neck region, they are smaller and more mobile (C1-C7). They have a small body, a large vertebral foramen, and a bifid spinous process.

2. Thoracic Vertebrae: Located in the upper back (T1-T12), they are larger and more rigid. They articulate with the ribs and have downward-pointing long spinous processes.

3. Lumbar Vertebrae: Situated in the lower back (L1-L5), they are the largest and strongest. They have a thick body, a triangular vertebral foramen, and short, thick spinous processes.

Vertebra prominens

SP of C7

Label the Scapula

1. Inferior angle of scapula

2. Lateral boarder of scapula

3. medial boarder of scapula

4. acromion

5. superior angle of scapula

Know the structures on the vertebrae

body

transverse processes

transverse costal facets

demi facets

superior costal facets

inferior costal facets

IV disc

superior articular process

inferior articular process

inferior vertebral notch

superior verterbral notch

IV foramen

vertebral arch

pedicle

laminae

vertebral foramen

Label the sacrum

1. anterior sacral foramen

2. coccyx

3. sacral hiatus

4. posterior sacral foramen

5. medial sacral rest

6. lateral sacral crest

Label these structures

1. iliac crest

2. acetabulum (the socket of the ball and socket joint of the hip)

3. ischium

4. pubis

5. ilium

What is the os coxae?

the hip bone

Label these 2 structures.

1. Anterior superior iliac spine (ASIS)

2. Posterior superior iliac spine (PSIS)

Where is the superior boarder of the trapezius muscle?

The superior border of the trapezius muscle is located at the base of the skull, near the occipital bone. (superior nuchal line)

What muscles are these? and what are the attachments?

Erector spinae

inferior- thoracolumbar fascia, posterior sacrum, posterior iliac crest, sacral and lumbar SP

What is the lateral boarder of the latissimus dorsi muscle?

outer edge of the muscle that runs along the side of the back and attaches to the anterior proximal humerus.

Where is the posterior axillary fold?

In the axilla (armpit)

What muscle does the spinal accessory nerve innervate? and where is the nerve located.

Trapezius

on the deep surface of the reflected trapezius muscle

What is the superficial branch of the transverse cervical artery?

accompanies the plexus of nerves on the deep surface of the trapezius.

What muscle does the thoracodorsal nerve and artery supply? where will you find it?

Latissimus dorsi

you will find this bundle on the anterior surface near the lateral attachment on the humerus

Where are the rhomboid muscles? Which one is superior?

Rhomboid minor is superior to rhomboid major

Where do you find the dorsal scapular nerve and vessels in the rhomboid muscles?

the deep surface near their lateral attachments on the medial boarder of the scapula

Where will you find the levator scapulae? What are its attachments?

Superior to the rhomboid minor

superior: TP C1-C4

inferior: superior angle of the scapula

What nerve and vessels supply the levator scapulae and where will you find them in the dissection?

dorsal scapular nerve and vessels and you will find it deep and towards the inferior end of the muscle

Where is the serratus posterior superior muscle?

deep to the rhomboid muscles

Where is the serratus posterior inferior muscle?

deep to the latissimus dorsi

Where is the splenius muscle and what are the parts?

deep to the serratus posterior superior muscle

splenius capitus (superior)

splenius cervicis (inferior)

Atlas (+ 2 identifiable structures on the vertebrae)

C1

1. posterior tubercle

2. posterior arch

*has no body

Axis

C2

has dens

Suboccipital muscles

green- obliquus capitus superior

orange- rectus capitus posterior minor

blue- rectus capitus posterior major

red- obliquus capitus inferior

Contents of the subocciptal triangle

rectus capitus posterior major

obliquus capitus superior

oliquus capitus inferior

occipital bone

semispinalis

Know these structures

suboccipitial nerve

vertebral artery

Interspinous ligament

The interspinous ligament is a type of ligament found between the spinous processes of adjacent vertebrae in the spine. Its main function is to limit excessive flexion (forward bending) of the spine and provide stability to the vertebral column.

ligamenta flava

The ligamenta flava, also known as the ligamentum flavum, are a series of ligaments found in the spinal column. They connect the laminae of adjacent vertebrae and help to maintain the stability of the spine. The ligamenta flava are composed of elastic fibers, which allow them to stretch and recoil during movement of the spine.

supraspinous ligament

The supraspinous ligament is a strong fibrous band that runs along the posterior aspect of the vertebral column, connecting the spinous processes of the vertebrae. It helps to stabilize the spine and limit excessive flexion (forward bending) of the vertebral column.

contents of the epidural space

epidural fat and veins

know these structures

know how to identify these structures

dura mater

dural sac

arachnoid mater

subarachnoid space

spinal cord

pia mater

lumbar enlargement

conus medullaris

cauda equina

filum terminale internum

filum terminale externum

denticulate ligaments

posterior roots

anterior roots

IV foramen

posterior rootlets

anterior rootlets

spinal nerve

spinal ganglion/ dorsal root ganglion

posterior ramus

anterior ramus

Label the parts of the scapula

1. infraspinous fossa

2. supraspinous fossa

3. suprascapular notch

4. glenoid cavity