arrangement of events in linear fashion
ideal for an account of a trip or a travelogue
chronological structure
it tells readers with a stepby-step narration of a process
explanation-of-a-process structure
begins at some point in time and then moves back into the past; works best when you write a memoir
flashback structure
connected only by a common character, theme, or event
parallel structure
most convenient when writing about disasters
involves pasting together of small fragments, which all together build up to the total picture of what happened
collage or mosaic structure
a variation of the chronological structure and gives a sense of immediacy to the narrative
diary or log book structure
a logical choice for interview stories which allow the reader to hear the subject's voice without the awkwardness of having to repeat “he said” or “she said” before every direct quotation
question-and-answer structure
a good structure to use when you wish to tell two stories- say, in a travel narrative, where the actual physical journey is paralleled by an inner journey
frame or the story-within-a-story structure
suggests more than its literal meaning
symbol
words are used to mean the opposite of their actual meanings
irony