Chp 9 Race, Ethnicity and Class: Understanding Identity and Social Inequality

Based on ________, varna is the hierarchy of Brahmans (priests), Kshatriyas (warriors and rulers), Vaishyas (traders), and Shudras (artisans and servants)

________ requires the consent of those who benefit from it.

________ may be based on any number of cultural traits: language or dialect, clothing, foodways, etiquette, or bodily modifications such as tattoos or piercings.

Americans equated lower socioeconomic status with ________ and lesser intelligence, thus naturalizing wealth and the capacity to acquire it.

________- preformed, usually unfavorable opinions that people hold about people from groups who are different from their own.

________ is a quantifiable category, but its social implications are more complicated.

________ (1997) shows that having relatively light skin pigmentation in the United States as an unearned privilege because light- skinned people may do everyday things without additional attention or judgment directed at them.

European and ________ have long tried to naturalize race, or categorize humans into racial groups and explain why nature organizes people into those groups.

________- a social theory that ethnic groups are not naturally occurring or stable but instead are highly dynamic groups created to serve the interests of one powerful group or another.

Racial markets (________, facial features) are arbitrary and variable.

________- the circumstantial interplay of race, class, gender, sexuality, and other identity markers in the expression of prejudicial beliefs and discriminatory actions.

________- the system of social stratification found in Indian society that divides people into categories according to moral purity and pollution.

________ is assumed to have some biological reality tied to physical appearance.

________- the negative or unfair treatment of an individual because of his or her membership in a particular social group or category.

________- the social processes through which something becomes part of the natural order of things.

________- the social, economic, and political processes of transforming populations into races and creating racial meanings.

________ are an excellent example of the fluidity of culturally constructed racial categories.

________ (the classification of people into unequal groupings) may be formalized as caste: the system found in Indian society that divides people into categories according to moral purity and pollution.

________ are actual social groupings, but varna are the larger caste groupings in practice.

The ________ was developed for and tested on African Americans.

________ are often based on occupation so in a single village may have more than a dozen jati.

________ is clinical, meaning that change is gradual across groups and traits shade and blend into one another.

________: the negative or unfair treatment of an individual because of his or her membership in a particular social group or category.

________: belonging to a group with a particular history and social status.

________ and ethnicity are sometimes used interchangeably in the United States, but the terms have distincly different meanings.

________ is based on a number of markers, because people have multiple identities.

________- the classification of people into unequal groupings.

________ occurs in many forms, most notably explicit and disguised.

________- a concept that organizes people into groups based on specific physical traits that are thought to reflect fundamental and innate differences.

But ________ and discrimiantion are developed in cultural contexts (although they are ubiquitous in socially stratified societies)

________: the repressive practices, structures, beliefs, and representations that uphold racial categories and social inequality.

00 PM EST

a concept that organizes people into groups based on specific physical traits that are thought to reflect fundamental and innate differences

If differences of identity are not rooted in biology, why do they feel so real, powerful, and unchangeable

the social processes through which something, such as race, becomes part of the natural order of things

there is no single biological trait or genre unique to any group or race of people

the repressive practices, structures, beliefs, and representations that uphold racial categories and social inequality

the negative or unfair treatment of an individual because of his or her membership in a particular social group or category

the social, economic, and political processes of transforming populations into races and creating racial meanings

in the earliest days of European colonies in North America, Africans were not viewed as racially inferior-and certainly not considered "property."

Counting and Classifying Race in the American Census"

ethnicity, class, and caste

belonging to a group with a particular history and social status

language or dialect, clothing, foodways, etiquette, or bodily modifications such as tattoos or piercings

a social theory that ethnic groups are not naturally occurring or stable but highly dynamic groups created to serve the interests of one powerful group or another

the hierarchical distinctions between social groups in society usually based on wealth, occupation, and social standing

the system found in Indian society that divides people into categories according to moral purity and pollution

metalwork, garbage collection, leather working, and so on

learned behavioral patterns can be unlearned

an unnoticed and underappreciated lack of discrimination against certain groups

the system of social stratification found in Indian society that divides people into categories according to moral purity and pollution

the hierarchical distinctions between social groups in society, usually based on wealth, occupation, and social standing

the negative or unfair treatment of an individual because of his or her membership in a particular social group or category

a concept that organizes people into groups based on their membership in a group with a particular history, social status, or ancestry

a social theory that ethnic groups are not naturally occurring or stable but instead are highly dynamic groups created to serve the interests of one powerful group or another

the circumstantial interplay of race, class, gender, sexuality, and other identity markers in the expression of prejudicial beliefs and discriminatory actions

the social processes through which something becomes part of the natural order of things

preformed, usually unfavorable opinions that people hold about people from groups who are different from their own

a concept that organizes people into groups based on specific physical traits that are thought to reflect fundamental and innate differences

the social, economic, and political processes of transforming populations into races and creating racial meanings

the repressive practices, structures, beliefs, and representations that uphold racial categories and social inequality

the classification of people into unequal groupings