Analyzing Categorical Data

shows the number of individuals having each value

shows the proportion or precent of individuals having each value

Shows each category as a bar. The heights of the bars show the category frequencies or relative frequency

shows each category as a slice of the “pie”. The areas of the slices are proportional to the category frequencies or relative frequencies

a table of counts that summarizes data on the relationship between two categorical variables for some group of individuals

gives the percent or proportion of individuals that have a specific value for one categorical variable

gives the percent or proportion of individuals that have a specific value for one categorical variable and a specific value for another categorical variable

gives the percent or proportion of individuals that have a specific value for one categorical variable among individuals who share the same value of another categorical variable (the condition)

displays the distribution of a categorical variable for each value of another categorical variable. The bars are groups together based on the values of one of the categorical variables and placed side-by-side

displays the distribution of a categorical variable as segments of a rectangle, with the rea of each segment proportional to the percent of individuals in the corresponding category

a modified segmented bar graph in which the width of each rectangle is proportional to the number of individuals in the corresponding category

helps us know if the value of one variable helps predict the value of the other