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1. Countable - nouns that you can count on your fingers (jars, bags, shirts) 2. Uncountable - nouns thar you cannot count on your fingers (milk, metal, rain) 1. Proper nouns - any kind of names (Anna, Australia, Apple (brand name), Sunday) 2. Common nouns - nouns that describe a type of person, thing, or place or that names a concept (adult, camera, country)
Limiting (the right, the principle, the main idea) Descriptive (a flat white house, a high solid wall, a beautiful blonde girl)
Cardinal numerals are descriptive. (He had refused (zero article) three invitations to the party Ordinal numerals are usually limiting. (the second bell rang, a third cup of tea) 0 article 'in chapter 5' because 5 belongs to chapter
Depends on the context. Participles: Pre-position (a newly painted house); Post-position (the fence surrounding the garden)
+ of/at/for Tend to be limiting (the thought of leaving him...) (It is a question of instructing and training the new members)
Descriptive; situation is important (an hour to spare; a meeting to be held in March)
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Explain the difference in use of object pronouns (me, you, him…), possessive determiners (my, your, his…) and possessive pronouns (mine, yours, his…)

What is the difference between central and peripheral adjectives?

Central adjective has to fulfill this criteria:

  1. Can be inflicted

  2. Can be both predicative and attributive

  3. They are descriptive

  4. They are gradable

(e.g. surprising - peripheral because can’t be inflicted although is both predicative (the gift is surprising) and attributive (surprising gift), descriptive (describes a noun e.g. surprising gift) and gradable (a bit surprising, very surprising, the most surprising)

Peripheral adjectives don’t fulfill one or more of the criteria

Therefore, the difference between central and peripheral adjectives is that peripheral adjectives don’t have one or more of the central adjective characteristics.

Give some examples of adjectives used attributively and predicatively. ????????Adjectives with a- prefix are usually… attributive or predicative?

Attributive (a nice man, an evil witch, a malicious virus)

Predicative (a man who is nice, a witch who is evil, a virus that is malicious)

Explain and illustrate the three ways of forming new adjectives: participial forms, derivational suffixes, compounding.

  1. Participle forms - adjectives are derived from verbs and usually end in -ed or -ing (reading glasses, baked beans, broken table)

  2. Derivational suffixes - adjectives are derived from nouns by adding a suffix like -ish, -al, -ly, -like, -ous, -ary, -ic, -less, and ful (normally, tasteless, gastric etc.)

  3. Compounding - adjectives are made by putting two words together (fast-paced, well-known, quick-witted)

What are the main rules for the adjective order in groups of adjectives? In paired adjectives?

List the syntactic roles that adjectives can take. Give some examples and explain the syntactic structures involved.

What are the main morphological categories of adverbs? Give some examples.

What are the main syntactic functions of adverbs? Give some examples of adverbials of time, frequency, place, direction, and manner.