TEST 3 (copy)

The relationship between units and how they intereact with one another

• The assumption that humans whether as individuals or as groups, act in ways that produce patterns of behavior among them that can be described as systems.

other political systems, actors, or structures in the international system with which the national system under examination has direct relations

a smaller system that is part of some larger system. Examples: middle East, LATAM

Reductionist approach and holistic approach

Focused on actors and their interactions (relationship between 2 units) at the individual or state level.

Places emphasis on the structures that provide the framework where the interactions happen at the international level.

Assumes the existence of structures that are permanent and immutable. ex: family.

structures, systems

Systems, together with agents and structures (the relationship that exists between the structure and the actors that results in the patterns)

Describes the relationship between the structures and actors, where the system of interaction among actors are made possible by the structure where they exist. (the structure determines the behavior of actors. chicken/egg debate)

Regularized practices of actors that make the social structure, that make those practices possible, and the actors who engage in those practices possible

This theory contains what he sees as the duality of structure and system agents operate within structures; and they also relate to each other to produce recurrent behavioral patterns, or interaction.

actors shape society, the society shapes bahevior of actors in an interactive set of patterns. neither one is more important than the other when shaping behavior.

The conditions of governing the continuity or transmutation of structures, and therefore the reproduction of social systems. Systems and structures are related to each other here.

A set of techniques for systematic analysis that facilitates the organizing of data, but which possesses no ideal theoretical goals

Series of statements about relationships among independent and dependent variables, where changes in 1 or more variables are accompanied by changes in other variables or combinations of variables. (uses data to create theory)

A whole which functions as a whole by the virtue of the interdependence of its parts called the system, and the method that aims to discover how this is brought about in the widest variety of systems.

all parts of society are linked and a comprehensive approach can reveal true nature of politcs

Requires an input of considerable power to upset the system, capable of absorbing new components and processing a variety of inputs while functioning normally, adjusting to changes

requires a weaker input in order to lose balance

inputs, outputs, feedback

A political and economic situation in which two states are dependent on each other for their well-being

Keohane and Nye

one party needs the benefits from a relationship more than another This occurs when parties have different levels of dependence among each other

One state needs another state

Sensitivity and vulnerability

The degree of responsiveness in a political framework (how quickly do changes in one country bring costly change in another)

An actor's liability to suffer cost imposed by external events after policies have been altered

actions of states, etc and transactions of trade, ets.

Consists of not only the actions of nation states, international organizations and non state actors; but also the transactions across national boundaries (trade, investment, tourism)

This is being caused because the inputs (problems) in the international system are coming faster than the outputs (solutions)

structural requisites

true

recieve inputs and outputs from enviornment produce outputs have interactive patters between units in a structure

internal failures caused by capacity exceedance induced by flow redistribution

Being interlocked, derive strength and direction from each other and cascade through the global system

larger to smaller entity

Because people no longer think of their government of legit it diminishes the utility of creating a state as an appropriate focal point for theory building

Rosenau used this term to refer to the way the system was during the early 21st century, a state of confusion and rapid change because of changes like the proliferation of actors, the impact of technologies, globalization of national economies, more interdependence

Describes contrasting fragmenting and integrative forces at work simultaneously in the turbulent 21st century world.

Ideational or intersubjective level, behavioral level, institutional level

Based on what people perceive to be the ordering of the world, or how the world is socially constructed in the mind of its actors

What people actually do on a regular basis to maintain existing global arrangements based on their ideational understandings or perceptions (negotiations, threats to enemies)

Consists of the institutions and regimes in or through which states and other actors act in keeping with their ideational and behavioral expressions

-Mechanical -Homeostatic -Biological -Higher animals -Humans

The mental reprentation that is a result of info selection for decision making.

Humans have the capacity of self-knowledge, which makes it possible for selection of information based on a particular cognitive structure or mental representation as a basis for decision making.

Collective images of the members of political systems

collection of actions. it's excecuted by repeatedly choosing an action to execute. it describes the successtion of events in a system and the way that systems change

-The personality system -The social system -The cultural system

equilibirum is dynamic so for a system to be in eqilibrium, it has to be able to recieve input, deal with preasures, produce outputs and constantly look for equilibrium.

-Pattern maintenance -Adaptation -Goal attainment -Integration

The ability of a system to ensure the reproduction of its own basic patterns, values, norms

adapt to the enviornment and to changes in the enviornment

the capacity of the system to achieve whatever goals the system has accepted or set forth

Of the different functions and subsystems into a cohesive, coordinated whole

political system takes inputs from the enviornment in the form of demands and supports, then translates them into outputs in the form of policies or decisions

true

studies society or system as a whole and with a view to its maintance. it tries to examine the performance of certain kinds of functions in different entities

Assumes that it is possible to 1)specify a pattern of behavior that satisfies a functional requirement of the system. 2)to identify functional equivalents in several different structural units

Patter or observable uniformity of action necessary for the continued existence of the system

Generalized condition, given the level of generalization of the definition and the unit's general setting

functional sociology, general systems theory

• Classification of system being open or closed/ organismic or non organismic

• functions of systems and the structures needed for the functions, and their effect on the systems stability

• relationship between systems and its environment and the nature and impact of inputs and outputs from the environment

the distribution of power and stability

Refers to the number of actors and the distribution of capabilities among them

Unipolarity Bipolar Multipolar

true

false

It prevents a state from dominating the system, ensures the survival of its members, and prevents the outbreak of war

• Structural change in the international system

• imbalance of power of major states (if we're talking about a multipolar system) -The number of the actors and distribution of capabilities shape the intensity and frequency of conflict

Consists of a set of geographically proximate and regularly interacting states that share to some degree a sense of regional identity and are so perceived by external factors. EX: European Union

-The nature and level of cohesion in the properties of the political entities and the degree of interaction -The nature of communications within the region -The level of power of nations in the subsystem The structure of relations within the region

core sector peripheral sector intrusive sector

A principal focus of international politics within a given region

Including states that play a role in the political affairs of the region but are separated from the core as a result of social, political, economic, organizational, or other factors.

Takes account of external powers, the participation of which in the subsystem is important.

states that most nations are part of a worldwide interdependent economic and political system based on the unequal exhange in the division of labor and allocation of reasurces

true

satisfied, seek to change

Boundaries Actors Perceptions Interactions

Rio grande USA Latin American countries.

USA Canada France Germany UK

Afghanistan Bolivia Chad Dominican Republic Egypt Haiti Philippines

Brazil Panama mexico

Regularity and intensity of interactions(general proximity of actors) Internal and external recognition of the subsystems as distinctive Provision of at least 2 actors in the subsystem Not limited geography

Think of environmentalists. Sometimes they think globally, they don't think of being critical of the government's policies on the environment. They Are now in a subgroup that's worldwide and paying more attention to whether they are burning too much of the Brazilian forest. So the events that are going on in their own countries go ignored. This happens in many groups.

According to James Rosenau, as we entered the 21st century, the international system entered a new era which he called “cascading interdependence” which he based on rapidly changing patterns of interaction within areas like resource scarcities, subgroups, the effectiveness of governments, transnational issues, and aptitudes of publics. Because of the turbulent changes we’ve experienced in the 21st century world, Rosenau explains that cascading interdependence is a function of interactive dynamics that not only produce cooperation but also the conflict that is inherent in the systemic breakdown.