Chapter 1: introduction to Psychology

Pavlov

________: Studied conditioned reflexes in which an animal produced a reflex (unconscious) response to a stimulus (salivating in the presence of food) and, over time, was conditioned to produce the response to a different stimulus (salivating to the sound of a bell) that the experimenter associated with the original stimulus (Food and bell became associated)

Skinner

________: Concentrated on how behavior was affected by its consequences.

Jobs

________ regarding medical or academic branches of psychology generally require higher forms of education within the field.

Freud

________ relied on dream analysis, slips of the tongue, and free association as means to access the unconscious.

Structuralism

________- understanding the conscious experience through introspection.

James

________ drew from the functionality of cognitive processes, establishing functionalism, which emphasized how mental activities contributed to basic environmental survival.

John Watson

________ is often considered the father of behaviorism, and B. F. Skinner's contributions to our understanding of principles of operant conditioning can not be underestimated.

Wundt

________ was a structuralist, which meant he believed that our cognitive experience was best understood by breaking that experience into its component parts.

John B Watson

________ is known as the father of behaviorism within psychology.

Humanism

________- emphasizes the potential for good that is innate to all ________.

Sigmund Freud

________: Founded Psychoanalytic theory, a perspective which dominated clinical psychology for many decades.

Psychoanalytic theory

________ remained a dominant force in clinical psychology for several decades.

particular perspective

William James was the first American psychologist, and he was a proponent of functionalism. This ________ focused on how mental activities served as adaptive responses to an organism's environment.

Gestalt psychology

Freud relied on dream analysis, slips of the tongue, and free association as means to access the unconscious. ________ takes a holistic view of an individual and his experiences.

William James

Who was the first American psychologist, and he was a proponent of functionalism? Answer with a single words or term.

Maslow

________ asserted that so long as basic needs necessary for survival were met (e.g., food, water, shelter), higher- level needs (e.g., social needs) would begin to motivate behavior.