ap hug: unit 1

Title, Orientation, Date, author, Legend, Scale, Index, Grid, Source

Explains what info the map is displaying

A way of figuring out how to orient the map (ex. compass rose)

Tells when the map was made to help reader get frame of reference

The people who made the map to prove authenticity

Shows what the markings on the map mean

The ratio between distance on a map and the corresponding distance on the Earth

The way the map communicates scale

Collection of major sites and location to help reader find locations (not on every map)

Series of lines on a map that match index

Explains where author got info from to establish credibility

Physical characteristics

The location of a place relative to other places

Contortion

Show information (direction): boundaries, geographic features, places

Tell a story about quantifiable data (ex. People)

Map connected with contour lines

Lines connecting data points of the same value

The bigger the dot, the bigger the percentage

Place a dot representing a value in its approximate location (ex. One dot per 100 people)

Presents a visual but distorted representation of size

Use colours or shading to represent data (typically the darker the area, the more there is)

Shows movement of goods/animals/services,etc.

The exact direction you are heading

The exact distance between two places

The exact spot where something is located

The direction depends on the surrounding area

An approximate measurement between two places Ex. measured in time or direction

Grouped, nucleated, clumped or concentrated

Distributed, scattered and spread out

Evenly spaced

No discernable pattern

The farther away one place is from another the less interaction those two places will have with one another

The reduction of time it takes for something to get from one place to another, mostly due to technology

Constellation of 24 satellites that orbit the earth to make it possible for people with ground receivers to pinpoint their geographic absolute location

Computer system designed to gather and analyse particular kinds of data (ex. Map to show changes to a community over time)

Seeing or measuring something from a considerable distance (ex. satellite)

A specific point with particular physical and human characteristics

Name given to a location that often hints at the culture of a place

Study of Human-Environmental Interactions

The old theory that solely physical environment caused social development

The physical environment may limit some human actions, but people have the ability to adjust to their environment.

Small details → zoomed out

Large details → zoomed in

Refers to the level of scale that data is organised by within the map (ex. County, state,nation, etc.)

• Used for navigation because distance accurate

• Increased size distortion the further away from the equator (ex. North looks a lot bigger than it is)

• Interrupted map

• True size and shape

• Distortion with distance and distortion near the edges

• Not useful for directions due to distortion

• Land area accuracy

• Areas near the poles are stretched horizontally

• More accurately shows southern hemisphere as larger than Northern Hemisphere

• More accurately shows the area near the poles

• Distorts cardinal directions and distance at the poles

Have places that have been split

Do not have places that have been split

Technology that allows people to visualize geographic data

Field observations, personal interview, media reports, government documents, travel narratives, landscape analysis, photo analysis

Relationships among variables over space

Spread of a feature through space

# of a feature within a given area

Arrangements of features in relation to e/o

Movement of resources

Perception of a place due to its characteristics and familiarity

Production of agricultural products for human or animal consumption

Produce/manufacture products

Selling final goods/services

For people to build homes and live in

Relaxing

Helping people/goods get around

Can be reused infinitely

Cannot be reused infinitely

How the scale is split up

1cm : 1km

1:100 000 000

Areas in which certain measurable characteristics are found throughout

Central Place and area around which is affected by it or uses its services

Defined by People’s feelings and attitudes about an area

Sustainability consists of fulfilling the needs of current generations without compromising the needs of future generations

Came up with the theory the earth was spherical

• Calculated the circumference of the earth

• First to use the word Geography

Wrote book called Geography and came up with idea of latitude and longitude

Worked for the king of Sicily to make a accurate description of the Earth

• Described how natural systems are impacted by human actions.

• Considered to be the first modern environmentalist

Argued that cultural landscapes, the interactions between people and their environment, should be the focus of geographic study.

Study of the world (Place and space) and asking about humans’ relationships to the environment and other humans

Describing where things are located

Describing why that phenomenon is here and not there

Making connections – why should I care about this?

The environment/natural things

People and things related to people or that they build (i.e. cities, transportation etc.)

Ways of describing where something is

The ground that the location occupies

The ways of describing and identifying the characteristics of an area

Natural features of an area

Human contributions to an area

Humans live there

Humans do not live there, but influence through things like drifting air pollution

How the Human world and the physical world impact each other

Changes humans have made to survive in their environments

How human activities change the environment, and how environmental changes impact humans

How humans use the Earth’s natural resources for the own benefits

How people and places interact