Geography
the study of physical features of the Earth and atmosphere and how human activity affects it ( resources, population, land use)
Political Map
gives basic shape of the land (no cities)
Physical Map
shows mountains and depths
Climate Map
shows temp
GDP map
shows the economic states of countries around the world
Maps
give context, shapes and sizes, location, physical features, can show distance
Longitude (prime Meridiaan)
Vertically measures north and south
Latitiude (Equator)
Horizontal line meaures east to west
PRIMaL
place, region, interaction, movement, location
Place
Physical and HUman characteristics, define a place
Regions
Groups of Places with one common characteristic, common element could be human or physical characteristic (CVG airport, ohio river)
Formal Region, Functional Regions, Perceptual Regions
Formal: USSR Functional: CVG and Perceptual: the midwest
Interaction
Intentional and accidental changes, how poeple use their enviroment
Location
To study a place you needs its location,Absoulte and Relitive
Absolute and relative location
Absolute is exact (cooridnates) and relative is approximate
Movement
The idea that places do not remain in isolation, people, goods, ideas move around
culutre and immigration
Weather
is the state of an atmospere at a place and time regards to heat, wind, etc.
Climate
average wether in one place
Green house affect
When Earths atmostphere is compared to gladd walls and roof. All places in Earth have diiferent amounts of heat and light
Ecosystem
Is formed by the interaction of plant life, animal life, and the physical enviroment they live in.
Deciduous
A tree shedding its leaves annually
Coniferous
A group of cone-bearing seed plants
Chaparral
A group that includes small evergreen and bushes
Praireires
Grassland in North america “Tall grass”
Tundra
Where tempreture are always cold
Permaforst
A layer of soil just below the surface, stays permentaly frozen
Tropical rainforest
near equator, warm temo, trees form canopys
mid latitude forest
plants shed once a year, temprete climate, rainfall
tropical grasslands
Grow in warm land near equato dry and wet (forest fires)
Tundras
alwats cold, specialized plants can live
Demographics
study of populatoin
equation for average finding number of poeple that live in an area
square mile/population density
(or Arable square mile/ population density)
Population growth
Climate, technolgy, events, immigtion
not: emmigration, bad food sercruity
Zero population growth
Equilibrium: birth rates, immigration= death rates, emmigration
Cultural diffusion
when you bring culture and blend it in with another
cultural assimilation
adopting a whole another culture
Rural
countryside
urbanization
making a place more city like
Cultrual Hearth
refers to a place of origin for a particular culture where a certain method of living thrives and then disseminates, as it is popular enough to be picked up by large amounts of people.
What establishes a country
4 things::
defined teritory
population
soverignity
a government
Government structure
realtionship bewteen central government and their smaller units of government
Unitary System
All the power is in a central government (China, UK)
Federation
A form of government in which power is held partly by a central authority and partly by a number of regional or state governments.
Confederation
When a group of people or nations form an alliance, it is called a confederation, allowing each member to govern itself but agreeing to work together for common causes (Soviet Union)
Authoritarian/ Dictatorship
a form of government in which one small party or a single person holds all the power, Mussionli and Hitler
Totalitarianism
System of terror, using such instruments as violence and secret police. Benito Mussolini in 22-43
Democracy
a state governed by a democracy.
Traditional Economy
fend for yourself
market
Private buissness all means of production
command
government owns all means of production
Mixed
Features of all 3 (combines private ans public)
Non-renewable
would take millions of years to replesnish (oils, fossil fuels)
renewable
can be replenished (soil)
Natural resource
Materials in the natrual enviroment that people value or use to satisfiy their needs
Nuclear enegery
-splitting of atoms (Chernobyl)
Waterpower
first form of energy, uses wheel
Geothermal
takes water from below the surface using its heat and turns it into energy, and puts it back under the surface to restart the process
Solar
heat from the sun, clenaest energy
Primary activities
rely directly on natural rescources, fishing, foresty, mining, farming
TAKES FROM THE EARTH
Secondary activities
using raw materials to produce MANUFACTURE
Teritarty
SERVICE
Quaternary
RESEARCH
Substance farming
only feeding certin people (in villiage)
Commercial farming
over produce to provide for many
exports vs imports
ex= go out im= taking in
goal of trading
export more then import
GDP
Gross demoestic product, total values of goods and services produced in a year divded by the total population