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Electrical materials
The parts or elements used in the making of any electrical construction project developed and constructed for certain purposes.
Conductors
Objects or materials that permit the flow of electric charges from one particle to another.
Insulators
Materials that impede the free flow of electrons and do not permit the free flow of electric charges.
Semiconductors
Materials that exhibit electrical behavior somewhere between that of conductors and insulators.
Superconductors
Materials that become perfect conductors at a special temperature, exhibiting zero power loss.
Active components
Components that supply and control energy in a circuit.
Passive components
Components that respond to the flow of electrical energy and can dissipate or store energy.
Resistor
An electrical component that restricts the flow of current in a circuit.
Capacitor
An electrical component that stores electrical energy.
Inductor
A two-terminal passive electrical component that stores electrical energy in the form of magnetic energy.
Transistor
An electronic device with three terminals made of semiconductor material that controls the flow of voltage or current and acts as a switch for electronic signals.
Switch
An electrical device used to break the circuit and interrupt the current from one conductor to another.
Diode
A device made from semiconductor material that allows current to flow in one direction and blocks current trying to go against the flow.
Fuse
A material or piece of wire used to protect components from destruction due to excessive current flowing through them.
Transformer
A passive electrical device consisting of cores and wire linked by an iron core, used to transfer electrical energy between two or more circuits.
Electrical energy
Energy in the form of electric charges, capable of doing work or producing an effect.
Battery
An electrical device that converts chemical energy into electrical energy through electrochemical discharge reactions.
Generator
A component that converts mechanical energy into electrical energy through electromagnetic induction.
AC generator
An electrical generator that converts mechanical energy into electrical energy in the form of alternating current (AC).
Dynamo
An electrical generator that creates direct current (DC) using a commutator.
Alternator
An electrical generator that converts mechanical energy to electrical energy in the form of alternating current (AC)
Electrical measuring instruments
Instruments used to measure various electrical quantities such as current, voltage, resistance, and power.
Ammeter
An instrument used to measure electric current.
Voltmeter
An instrument used to measure voltage.
Ohmmeter
An instrument used to measure resistance.
Wattmeter
An instrument used to measure power.
Absolute instruments
Instruments that give the value of the measured quantity in terms of the physical constants of the instrument and their deflection only.
Secondary instruments
Instruments that are calibrated and directly give the value of the measured quantity.
Indicating instruments
Instruments fitted with a pointer that moves over a calibrated scale and indicates the electric quantity to be measured directly on the scale.
Recording instruments
Instruments that record the electrical quantity to be measured on graph paper for a desired period.
Integrating instruments
Instruments that measure the total quantity of electricity consumed in a circuit in a given time.
Kilowatt-hour meter
An example of an integrating instrument that measures the energy consumed in kilowatt-hours.
Effects Used in Measuring Instruments
Magnetic Effect
Electrodynamic Effect
Electromagnetic induction effect
Electrostatic effect
Chemical effect
Heating effect
Magnetic effects
Effects of an electric current or voltage used in ammeters, voltmeters, and wattmeters.
Electrodynamic effects
Effects of an electric current or voltage used in ammeters, voltmeters, and wattmeters.
Electromagnetic induction effect
Effect of electromagnetic induction used in AC ammeters, voltmeters, and wattmeters.
Electrostatic effect
Effect used in voltmeters.
Chemical effect
Effect used in DC ammeters.
Heating effect
Effect used in ammeters and voltmeters.
Shunt
A resistor used to extend the range of an ammeter by allowing it to measure currents greater than its original full-scale value.
Ammeter
A device used to measure electric current in a circuit.
Shunt resistor
A resistor connected in parallel with an ammeter to enable it to measure higher currents.
Note
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