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kenning
a compound expression in Old English and Old Norse poetry with metaphorical meaning
kenning example
oar-steed = ship
alliteration
the occurrence of the same letter or sound at the beginning of adjacent or closely connected words
alliteration example
sheep should shower in a shed
consonance
the recurrence of similar sounds, especially consonants, in close proximity
consonance example
mike likes his new bike
assonance
the repetition of the sound of a vowel or diphthong in nonrhyming stressed syllables near enough to each other for the echo to be discernible
assonance example
the rain in spain falls mainly on the plain
caesura
(in Greek and Latin verse) a break between words within a metrical foot
(in modern verse) a pause near the middle of a line.
caesura example
"And begin to pay tribute. That was one good king"
allusion
an expression designed to call something to mind without mentioning it explicitly; an indirect or passing reference
allusion example
To my dog, our neighborhood park is the Garden of Eden
(references the Bible)
foreshadowing
be a warning or indication of (a future event)
foreshadowing example
“It was a dark and stormy night”
signals trouble, danger, and mayhem.
litote
ironic understatement in which an affirmative is expressed by the negative of its contrary
litote example
you won't be sorry, meaning you'll be glad
metaphor
a word or phrase is applied to an object or action to which it is not literally applicable
metaphor example
the exam was a piece of cake
epithet
an adjective or descriptive phrase expressing a quality characteristic of the person or thing mentioned
epithet example
a scornful eye
paronym
a word which is a derivative of another and has a related meaning
paronym example
“wisdom” → “wise”
frame tale
a narrative that frames or surrounds another story or set of stories
frame tale example
The Canterbury Tales
allegory
a story, poem, or picture that can be interpreted to reveal a hidden meaning, typically a moral or political one
allegory examples
The Canterbury Tales characters are allegorical because they give the reader insight into the hypocrisy that is part of everyday life
medieval romance
deals with love or heroic adventures both in prose or verse form
medieval romance example
the wife of bath’s tale
aside
a remark or passage in a play that is intended to be heard by the audience but unheard by the other characters in the play
monologue
long speech made by one actor in a play, film, etc, especially when alone
soliloquy
an act of speaking one's thoughts aloud when by oneself or regardless of any hearers, especially by a character in a play
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