4.6 and 4.7 APWH

Hindu Empire that took over the Mughal Empire, lasting until 1818

During Mughal rule, they centralized rule, spread Islam but the pop. still remained entirely Hindu

Founded by the Maratha (a Hindu warrior group) that fought the Mughals in a series of battles from 1680-1707

Queen of Ndongo & was under constant threat from the Portuguese

Became an ally of Portugal in exchange 4 protection & for an end 2 Portugal’s raids

Converted to Christianity yet when Portugal broke the alliance, she incited a rebellion & fled west 2 take over the state of Matamba

Allied w/ the Dutch & pitted them against the Portuguese 2 resist Portuguese domination & helped runaway enslaved Africans

Jamaican Maroon leader who escaped slavery & united all the maroons

Navigated the mountains in a way the British couldn't = ended w/ a peace treaty that granted them freedom & land

Conflict between English colonists & Native Americans was the final major effort of the indigenous ppl 2 drive the British from New England.

Destroyed 12 towns

Mohegan & Pequot sided w/ the English, ending with the subjugation of the Wampanoag 2 English colonists

Gave the colonists control of New England & cleared the way for English expansion, increasingly selling Native Americans into slavery in exchange for enslaved Africans

Russia continues serfdom & limits rights even further

Unsuccessful Russian peasant rebellion started by cossack (peasant fighters) Yemelyan Pugachev against Catherine the Great in 1774 for giving the nobility power over the serfs on their lands in exchange 4 political loyalty

Pugachev began a pesant rebellion, controlling territory between Volga River & Urals for a year

Later on the Russian army takes it back & executes Pugachev = Catherine increased her oppression of the peasants in return 4 support from the nobility 2 help avoid future revolts

Rebellion against the Spanish in present-day New Mexico

Pueblo & Apache, 2 indigenous groups, fought colonizers that tried 2 force religious conversions, Spanish demand for corn/labor, and abuse of their women

Pope, a pueblo man, led a revolt against the Spanish when they were depleted of supplies killing 400 Spaniards, driving the rest out, & destroyed churches until being reconquered

Series of slave revolts where enslaved ppl in the Caribbean fought 2 gain freedom from England

Maroons were descendants who escaped slavery in Jamaica & formed indep. settlements

Despite Spain colonizing much of the Caribbean, England’s power grew stronger & took over Jamaica

Revolt that strengthened the power of Parliament, which passed a law forbidding Catholics from ruling England

Struggles for power within England where King James II enforced anti-Protestant measures that enraged many English ppl

William of Orange, James relative who was Protestant, was invited to invade England 2 be new king & began his joint rule w/ his wife that remained in Protestant hands

A residence where a powerful man’s wives & concubines lived

Women in the Ottoman Empire played social/political roles by attempting to promote their children as heirs to the throne

Ex: Roxelana who was a concubine turned legal wife of Suleiman I that killed his oldest son to secure her son’s claim 2 the throne

Social hierarchy based on race/ancestry w/ skin color as a signifier of power

At the top of the social pyramid stood the peninsulares (Spanish born), the criollos (European ancestry but born in Americas), & castas (mixed-race)

Castas were broken down further into mestizos (European & indigenous), mulattos (European & African), and zamboz (indigenous & African)

Indigenous & enslaved Africans made up the bottom of the hierarchy

Qing were less tolerant than the Mongols & wanted to make their culture dominant over native Han Chinese

Traditional Manchu Hairstyle that all Han Chinese men were required to have in Qing Dyn

Was a test of loyalty 4 the Han & a reminder of the way Qing authority challenged traditional Confucian values

Could be executed if they didn’t follow the rules, using the Han Chinese defectors to justify carrying out massacres against them