WHAP Units 3 & 4 Academic Vocabulary

a course of travel or passage, especially a long journey by water to a distant place.

an article of trade or commerce, especially a product as distinguished from a service.

extending across or traversing the ocean

a general examination or survey of a region, can be for military, geology, or for civil purposes

the position or function of a person or group who vouches for support, advises or helps fund another person or an organization or project

the condition of being a serf in a position of servitude, required to render services to a lord

half of the terrestrial globe or celestial sphere, especially one of the halves into which the earth is divided.

exclusive control of a commodity or service in a particular market, or a control that makes possible the manipulation of prices.

having been described or distinguished

obnoxious, or mean and offensive person or people

the condition of being focused on the profitable aspects of something, especially to excess

the act or process of making something available for sale or viable as a profitable commodity

orderly movement through a circuit

a flowing; flow, as of a river, something that flows, as a stream.

associated with the sea or waterways to the sea in relation to navigation, shipping

to decrease seriously or exhaust the abundance or supply of

reputation or influence arising from success, achievement, rank, or other favorable attributes.

distinction or reputation attaching to a person or thing and thus possessing a cachet for others or for the public

of or relating to ships of all kinds

combining or bringing together different philosophical, religious, or cultural principles and practices

a rapid and often excessive spread or increase

a document, issued by a sovereign or state, outlining the conditions under which a corporation, colony, city, or other corporate body is organized, and defining its rights and privileges

a group of people who leave their native country to form in a new land a settlement subject to, or connected with, the parent nation

any people or territory separated from but subject to a ruling power

to arrange or organize by classes; order according to class.

the act of puting or introducing into a body or mass as an integral part or parts

to change continually; shift back and forth; vary irregularly

a human being considered to be property; an enslaved person

to bring together (separate parts) into a single or unified whole; unite; combine

to make solid or firm; solidify; strengthen

to promote the growth or development of; further; encourage

to make in accordance with established rules, principles, or standards.

a general understanding; vague or imperfect conception or idea of something

to put to use; turn to profitable account

the income of a government from taxation, excise duties, customs, or other sources, appropriated to the payment of the public expenses

the making of goods or wares by manual labor or by machinery, especially on a large scale

the handing down of statements, beliefs, legends, customs, information, etc., from generation to generation, especially by word of mouth or by practice

receiving a salary:

a stated sum or other valuable consideration paid by one sovereign or state to another in acknowledgment of subjugation or as the price of peace, security, protection, or the like

the action, position, or relation of a rival or rivals; competition

the act or power of resisting, opposing, or withstanding

practice of a pirate; robbery or illegal violence at sea.