AP Bio Unit One

All have a carbon molecule with 4 attachments

Used for fueling, building materials, and receptors

Made of C, H, and O

Monosaccharides and PolysaccharidesCar

Forms four covalent bonds

Tetrahedral shape

Easily bonds to self

Chemical reaction that joins monomers into polymers

Covalent bonds are formed by the removal of water between molecules

Unequal sharing of electrons causing charged areas

Equal sharing of electrons

Events that causes a protein to lose structure and function

Caused by pH shifts, high salinity, and heat

Attraction force between positive charged hydrogen atom and negatively charged region of a different atom (usually O or N)

Reverse of condensation synthesis

Breaks polymers into monomers by adding water

Transfer of electrons from atom to atom

Weak in living systems due to water

Compounds with the same molecular formula but different structures

Made of C, H, and O

Diverse hydrophobic molecules that include

Fatty Acids (energy storage)

Phospholipids (cell membranes)

Steroids (communication)

Large molecules (polymers) formed by joining many subunits (monomers) together

Molecule that is a building block for larger molecules

Essential for the production of amino acids, proteins, and nucleic acids

Informational polymers

Made of C, H, O, N, and P

Nucleotide monomers

5-C sugar (deoxyribose or ribose)

Phosphate group

Nitrogen base

Compounds containing carbon atoms bonded to hydrogen atoms

Covalent bonds formed between the carboxly group of one amino acid and the amino group of another amino acid

Lipid made of two fatty acid tails and phosphate-linked head

Larger molecule that is composed of many similar molecular units

The molecular tools of the cell

Made of C, H, O, N, and sometimes S

Essential to life on earth

Importance is due to water being polar