Studied by 11 peopleTags & Description
When did Elizabeth become queen?
1558
Who was the Queen of Scotland?
Mary Queen of Scots
What religion was Elizabeth?
Protestant
What religion were most people in England?
Catholic
Who did most people want on the English throne?
Mary Queen of Scots because she was Catholic
Who were Elizabeth's parents?
King Henry VIII and Anne Boleyn
Why did many Catholics reject Elizabeth as Queen?
The Pope had rejected her parents' marriage as unlawful therefore Elizabeth was illegitimate
How much was ELizabeth in debt when she came to the throne?
£300,000
Why did Elizabeth want to avoid raising taxes?
She was already unpopular with most of her subjects
Why was England's border with Scotland hard to defend?
It was far from London
Who was Mary Queen of Scots married to?
King Francis II of France
What was the Treaty of Edinburgh?
Signed in 1560, it agreed that France and England would withdraw all of their forces from Scotland.
Why did France have the potential to overthrow England?
It was wealthier
What religion was France?
Catholic
Where did France capture from England in 1558, while Mary I was still Queen?
Calais
What was the name of the treaty that in 1559, Elizabeth had to sign to confirm the loss of Calais?
Cateau-Cambrésis
What was the most powerful country in Europe in 1558?
Spain
What religion was Spain?
Catholic
Why were Spain and England allies for most of the Tudor period?
Different marriage alliances
What did Elizabeth do when King Philip II of Spain offered to marry her after Mary I's death?
She rejected him
Who did Catholics believe should be the Head of the Church?
The Pope
Who did Protestants believe should be the Head of the Church?
The current reigning monarch
Who did Puritans believe should be the Head of the Church?
No one
Which type of Christianity like decorated interiors of the Church?
Catholics
Which type of Christianity wanted a plainer Church?
Protestants
What did Catholics believe the priests should wear?
Vestments
What did Protestants believe the priests should wear?
Plain black robes
Which areas of England were strongly Protestant?
The South
Which areas of England were strongly Catholic?
The North
Which part of the Elizabethan Settlement made Elizabeth the Supreme Governor of the Church, taking power away from the Pope?
The Act of Supremacy
Why did Elizabeth's decision to call herself the Supreme Governor not Head, appease Catholics and Puritans?
Both of them did not want the Monarch to be Head of the Church
Which part of the religious settlement made Protestantism England's official faith and also set out rules of religious practices and worship in a revised Book of Common Prayer that had to be used?
Act of Uniformity
Why was the new Book of Common Prayer deliberately unclear?
So people could interpret it their own way.
What did the Act of Uniformity say about what the priests had to wear?
Special clothing called vestments
How much were people fined if they didn't attend Church, as set out in the Act of Uniformity
1 Shilling
Which part of the religious settlement was a set of instructions issued by Sir William Cecil on a wide range of issues to reinforce the acts that had already been set out?
Royal Injunctions
What did the Royal Injunctions say about what language the Bible had to be in?
In English
Why did moderate Protestants believe that Elizabeth was bringing in an age of harmony after the chaos of Mary I's reign?
They believed that she was restoring the true religion back to England.
Why did Protestants not lead rebellions, protests or help a foreign power invade England?
They believe Elizabeth was better than Mary Queen of Scots
How many bishops accepted the settlement and took the oath of supremacy?
37
How many Puritans had fled England when Mary I had been Queen?
Over 800
Why was there very little change in the look and feel of Churches for ordinary Catholics
They still had all of the grand ornaments and decorations
Why were many of Elizabeth's penalties relatively soft?
She didn't want to be another Mary I
What did Puritan bishops threaten to do unless Elizabeth removed crucifixes from each Church?
resign
How did Elizabeth respond to the Puritans bishops' threat in the crucifix controversy?
She backed down because there was not enough Catholic priests to replace the Puritans
What was the name of the instruction that the Pope gave English Catholics in 1566 about attending Church of England services?
The Papal Bull
What term refers to Catholic who were unwilling to attend Church services as set out in the settlement?
Recusants
What did the Pope do in 1570 in response to the Revolt of the Northern Earls that took place a year before?
He excommunicated Elizabeth
How did Elizabeth change the Catholic nobles influence at court?
She reduced it
Who led the Revolt of the Northern Earls?
The Earls of Northumberland and Westmorland
What did the Northern Earls do once they took control of Durham Cathedral?
They celebrated a full Catholic mass
Who was ruling Scotland while Mary Queen of Scots was in France?
Mary of Guise
How did the English Catholics respond to Mary Queen of Scots' arrival in England in 1568?
They rebelled against Elizabeth
How did some of Elizabeth's Privy Council want her to deal with Mary Queen of Scots?
They wanted Elizabeth to execute her
Why was Elizabeth very reluctant to execute Mary Queen of Scots?
MQS was Catholic so if she was executed, it would cause problems with Rome and Spain.
Who were Thomas Percy and Charles Nevile?
Important Catholic nobels
Why were the Earls of Northumberland and Westmorland motivated by religion to rebel against Elizabeth?
They wanted England to be Catholic
What did many ordinary Catholics believe Elizabeth's religious goal was?
She wanted Catholicism to die out
Why had many of the northern Catholic Earls have a personal grievances with Elizabeth?
She had stripped many of them of their power and land
Who did the Northern Earls wanted Mary Queen of Scots to marry?
The Duke of Norfolk
Why did many of Elizabeth's advisors not initially try to stop the proposed marriage agreement between Mary, Queen of Scots and the Duke of Norfolk
He was thought to be Protestant
What was the ultimate goal of the Revolt of the Northern Earls?
To overthrow Elizabeth, place Mary Queen of Scots on the throne and restore Catholicism back to England
Why did Elizabeth continue to face Catholic plot after the Revolt of the Northern Earls?
Some Catholics were encouraged by the initial success of the Revolt
Why was the Pope's 1570 papal bull, which excommunicated Elizabeth, a turning point in Catholic loyalty to Elizabeth?
They could not longer follow both God and the Queen
What was the Council of the North?
A council with the powers to take action in times of emergency
How did Elizabeth deal with the Northern Earls?
She executed them
How many rebels were executed following the Revolt of the Northern Earls?
About 450
What was the Ridolfi Plot of 1571?
Plot to put Mary on the throne to make England catholic and and let Mary marry the duke of Norfolk.
Who supported the Ridolfi plot?
The Pope and the Duke of Norfolk
How did Elizabeth respond to the Ridolfi plot?
She executed the Duke of Norfolk
How were Catholic treated more harshly from 1581?
Attempting to convert people to Catholicism was now illegal
In the Throckmorton plot, who planned to invade England and overthrow Elizabeth?
The Duke of Guise
What anti-Catholic law was passed in 1585?
Helping Catholic Priests was punishable by death
How many Catholic were imprisoned after?
11000
What was the aim of the Babington plot?
French Duke of Guise invade England, murder Elizabeth, put Mary on the throne
How did Sir Francis Walsingham find out about the Babington plot?
Letters were intercepted between Mary Queen of Scots and Anthony Babington
What were the consequences of the Babington plot?
Mary Queen of Scots was executed and there were mass arrests of recusants across England
When did Elizabeth finally sign Mary's death warrant?
In February 1587
Who were informants?
People paid to reveal infomation
Where had been England's main route into European markets?
the Netherlands
Which country controlled the Netherlands and limited access for English merchants
Spain
How did English merchants respond to Spanish trading rules that required merchants to get a license from Spain?
They ignored it and continued trading as usual
Who was Sir Francis Drake?
an English privateer who pillaged Spanish ships for gold
What did Sir Francis Drake do when Elizabeth hired him as a privateer in 1572?
He captured £40,000 of Spanish silver.
What was Drake's aim when he again set off for the New World in 1577?
To bring back money and value to England
What secret orders did Elizabeth give Drake when he set off for the new world?
to attack Spanish ports and steal their money
How much Spanish treasure did Drake bring back when he returned to England in 1580?
£400,000
What did Elizabeth do to show how impressed she was with Drake's actions?
She knighted him
When did Catholics and Protestants in the Netherlands rise up against Spain, in an event known as the Dutch Revolt?
1566
Why did people in the Netherlands rise up against Spain?
They weren't being paid
Who did Philip II send to the Netherlands in 1567 to put down the revolt?
The Duke of Alba
How did Elizabeth unofficially help the Dutch Protestants resist the Spanish?
She allowed English privateers to attack the Spanish ships
How did Elizabeth encourage the heir to the French throne, the Duke of Alençon, to get involved in the conflict in the Netherlands?
She used her influence on him
Why was the Spanish government in the Netherlands almost bankrupt by 1576?
Costs of the war
What happened during the Spanish Fury of November 1576?
Spanish troops who hadn't been paid revolted
What did the Spanish Fury do to all 17 Dutch provinces?
It united all Catholics and Protestants against Spain
What support did Elizabeth I provide the Dutch rebels following the Spanish Fury?
She gave them £100,000
When was the Pacification of Ghent signed?
1576
What was the Pacification of Ghent?
It demanded that all Spanish troops left the Netherlands?
What was the French Catholic league?
A group of Catholic nobels
Note
Flashcard