Design and Technology - Design Movements

Traditional craftsmanship over machines

Traditional Skills, little ornamentation

Medieval crafts, natural forms, natural timbers

Handmade, traditional mortise and tenon joints

Patterned, natural forms on tiles, wallpaper, textiles

William Morris (1834-1896)

Socialist writer, influenced by Ruskin

Many wallpaper designs used simple, natural forms, still in use

Wide ranging, European and Oriental influence, natural/languid form

Unified approach like A&C

Oriental, Celtic, Arabian patterns, Greek decoration

Iron, Steel, glass, ceramics, concrete

Organic and feminine lines

Stylised, plants, female figures

Differed from country to country

Charles Rennie Mackintosh (1868-1928)

Designer, Archiect, Artisit from the ‘Glasgow 4’

Japanese, Celtic and Arts and Crafts influence

Bold Geometric form, retaining floral and curving motifs

Mechanism aesthetic - Form follows function

Post WW1 idealism, industrial methods and materials

Geometrically pure - Art Deco Influence

Founded as an art school - Walter Gropius - closed by Nazi pressure

Materials, form, metalwork, furniture design, architecture, graphics

Form follows function - everyday products for everyday people

Machine aesthetic chairs - inspired other, bent plywood furniture

Marianne Brandt (1893 - 1983)

Bauhaus student - became head of metal work dept.

Developed geometric kitchenware - tea infuser

Challenge conventional taste

Milan based post-modern, rebelling against functionality

Adapted elements of Art Deco, Pop Art, Children’s toys

Bright, fun, shocking colours

Human/Animal like forms

Simplistic/Abstract - non traditional materials

Ettore Sottsass (1917 - 2007)

Unconventional, eclectic, controversial architect

Founded the Memphis group

Bold, colourful, abstract designs

Less is a bore

Perceived by some as boring/lacking excitement

Reference can be seen in pop culture, ancient classical architecture, Art Deco

Wide range of materials

Anything goes attitude

Huge range of Designs

Phillippe Starck (1949-)

Function follows form

Range of designs for a range of products

Modern materials, eccentric and innovative ideas

Concious of sustainability

Popular modernsim with exotic influences

End of WW1 - travel and mass production

Discovery of King Tut’s tomb 1922

Paris Exhibition 1925

Egyptian temples, Aztec Motifs, African Carvings

Stepped Decoration - NYC sky scrapers

Sunburst motif

Stylised, geometric, contrasting art nouveau

Bold colours + gold and Black

Eileen Gray (1878 - 1976)

Highly independant - created her own style

Opulence and luxury, geometric shapes

Influenced by modernism and Art Deco