Studied by 4 peopleWhen was the first Battle of Ypres?
Oct-Nov 1914
When was the second Battle of Ypres?
April-May 1915
When was the Battle of the Somme?
July-Nov 1916
When was the Battle of Arras?
April-May 1917
When was the third battle of Ypres?
July 1917
When was the battle of Cambrai?
Nov-Dec 1917
What was significant about the first Battle of Ypres?
Britain stopped the Germans capturing ports
What was significant about the second Battle of Ypres?
Chlorine was was used for the first time this caused 60,000 allied deaths and 35,000 German ones
What was significant about the Battle of Somme?
60,000 casualties occurred on the first day and another 40,000 throughout the battle
What was significant about the Battle of Arras?
Large Scale attack with a high casualty rate
What was the significance of the Third Battle of Ypres?
It was stormy and muddy and caused 245,000 casualties
What was the significance of the Battle of Cambrai?
The British used tanks for the first time, it was a short lived success that caused 40,000 British casualties
What was the point of the Battle of the Somme?
Relieve pressure on the French army, this was a success but they only gained 5 miles of land
What is the chain of evacuation?
Regimental aid post, dressing stations, Casualty clearing stations, base Hospitals
When was the Battle on Hill 60?
April 1915
What is the significance of the Battle on Hill 60?
British troops tunnelled under the hills and exploded five mines
Where was the Regimental aid post (RAP) located?
Close to the front line
Where were the dressing stations located?
A mile away from the front line
Where were the Casualty clearing stations (CCS) located?
7-12 miles away from the front line
Where were Base Hospitals located?
Near ports
What year did all British Soldiers receive gas masks?
1915
When were “Brodie Helmets” introduced?
1915
What injection did all soldiers get by late 1914?
Tetanus injection
Where was the underground hospital?
Arras
Who provided most of the medical care?
Royal Army Medical Corps (RAMC) and First Aid Nursing Yeomanry (FANY)
“Thompson’s Cave” is also known as what?
The underground hospital in Arras
When were blood groups discovered?
1901
Who discovered blood groups?
Karl Landsteiner
Who discovered the concept of X rays?
Wilhelm Roentgen
What were the 3 main problems with early X-rays?
They were big, took a while for photos to develop and emitted a lot of radiation burning patients
Who developed Aseptic Surgery?
Joseph Lister
Before the “Thomas Splint” what percentage of soldiers died from a broken leg?
80%
What made the “Thomas Splint” so effective?
It kept the leg rigid and helped with blood loss
Who made major improvements to plastic surgery?
Harrold Gillies
Why were blood transfusions ineffective before 1915?
Blood could not be stored properly
Who first developed a method of keeping blood longer in 1915? (adding sodium citrate)
Richard Lewisohn
Who added citate glucose to blood, meaning it could be stored longer in 1916?
Francis Rous and James Turner
In preparation for the Battle of Cambrai in 1917, how much blood was stored?
22 units
What were the properties of Mustard Gas?
Odourless and could burn through skin. Masks did not help
What were the properties of Chlorine Gas?
Caused a burning pain that led to suffocation
What were the properties of Phosgene gas?
Caused a burning pain and could kill within two days
When was Phosgene gas used for the first time?
1915
What was the “Carol-Dakin Method”?
Sterilising wounds with a salt solution through a tube
Who developed Brain Surgery?
Harvey Cushing
What is the universal blood group?
Type O
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