Exam 4
Characteristics of All Animals
Eukaryotic Cell without a cell wall
Multi-cellular
Ability to move
Heterotrophic
Cannot make its own food
Monophyletic Groups
Presence of Specialized Cells (Specific Function)
Tissue - Group or layer of S.C.
Skin - Epithelial cells
Cardiac - Muscle cells
Symmetry
Asymmetrical - No line of symmetry (Sponges)
Radial - Sectioned into identical halves
Bilateral - Split into a mirror image
Gut Formation
Protostomes - Mouth first
Deuterostomes - Mouth second
One direction (mouth to anus or anus to mouth)
Growth
Molting - Shedding outer covering
Continuous - Adding to their existing body
Characteristics Unique
Specialized Cells
Radial/Bilateral
Protostomes
Continuous/Moltin
Deuterostomes
Polyphyletic Groups
Invertebrates - No backbone (95% of animals)
Vertebrates - Have backbone
Animals
Sponges (Phylum Porifera)
No tissue
Hollow tubes or canals
Feed through pores
Free swimming larvae
Move as adults
Cnidaria
Radially symmetrical
Tentacles with stingers
Sea Anemones
Tentacles on top of body
Free swimming larvae and adults move a few inches
Corals
Secrete calcium carbonate shell
Energy from algae (zooxanthellae
Z gives oxygens and nutrients
C gives C02
Worms
Flatworms
Well defined and tail regions
Grow by adding
Herm.
Asexual and sexual
Mouth = anus
Roundworms
Unsegmented
Strong, flexible cuticle
Molt
Segmented
Polychaeta
Marine worms (lateral bristles)
Oligochaeta
Earth
Burrow in ground
Adds nutrients to the soil
Hirudinea
Leeches
Not all bloodsuckers
Eat other worms, snails, and insect larvae
Mullusca
Shell
Mantle (tissue forms the shell)
Radula (tongue structure)
Body Mass
Gastropoda
Bivalvia
Cephalopoda
Arthropoda
Millipedes/Centipedes
Chelicerates
Crustaceans
Insects
Adaptive Radiation
Metamorphosis and ability to fly (Insects)
Escape from predators
Move from one place to another
Complete/Incomplete
Division of organisms into 3 stages (83%)
Doesn’t pass through separate stages (17%)
From Water to Land
Respiration - Need to breath air
Lungs
Gravity - Structure
Limbs and vertebrae
Eggs - Eggs dry up
Waterproof eggshell
Chordata
Groups
Mammals
Monotremes - Eggs
Marsupial - Young develop outside moms body
Placental - Inside mother and placenta
Tetrapods (Four Feet)
Non-amniotes - Gelatinous eggs that do not have shell
Laid in or near water
Amphibians (Dual Life)
Amnoites - Eggs have protective shells or fluid filled sac (Reptiles and birds)
Vertebral Column
Lampreys
Jaw, Paired Appendages
Cartilaginous Fishes
Intenal Bony Skeleton
Fay-Finned Fishes
Lobed Appendages
Laobe-Finned Fishes
Legs with Multiple Digits
Amphibians
Amniotic Egg
Reptiles and Birds
Mammary Glands, Hair
Mammals
Groups
Mammals
Monotremes - Eggs
Marsupial - Young develop outside moms body
Placental - Inside mother and placenta
Tetrapods (Four Feet)
Non-amniotes - Gelatinous eggs that do not have shell
Laid in or near water
Amphibians (Dual Life)
Amnoites - Eggs have protective shells or fluid filled sac (Reptiles and birds)
Groups
Protist
Algae
Plants
Eukaryotic
Multicellular
Cant move
Cell wall
Alternation of Generations
Fungi
Eukarya (Mono)
Hetero - Decomposers or symbionts
Moving
Cell Wall (Chitin)
From Water to Land
Gravity - Grow low to the ground
Desiccation (Drying out) - Traps in water
Stationary Life Cons
Obtaining Nutrients
Can’t move to sunlit
Store
Finding a Mate
Disperse pollen
Resisting Predation
Thorns or toxins
Plants
Non- Vascular - Earliest
Water and nutrients (diffusion)
Haploid spores
Multicellular haploid and diploid
Seedless Vascular - Next split
Water and nutrients (circulatory system)
Haploid spores
Multicellular haploid and diploid
Seeded Vascular - Last big split
Gymnosperms - Cone producing
Pine, furs and redwoods
Angiosperms - Flower producing
Fruit and nut trees, grasses, cactus and herbs
Alternation of Generation
Sporophyte - Diploid with spores
Gametophyte - Haploid, prothallus
Male and female need water for fert.
Flower
Flower Reproduction
Pollination
Trickery
Bribery
Seed Dispersal
Hitching a ride
Flying and floating
Food Source
Double Fert.
Two sperms. One fert. the egg the other fert. endosperm.
More energy efficient
Do it rapidly (small size)
Fungi Uses and Relationships
Relationships
Symbionts
Fungus get sugar
Plant get nutrients
Uses
Food Source -Cap
Antibiotic - Penicillium
Bread - Yeast
Bioluminescent -Glow in dark
Organization of Life
Domain -Dont
Kingdom - Kill
Phylum -People
Class - Cuz
Order -Other
Family
Genus - Get
Species -Sad
Specific Epithet - Species name is the Genus and Species
Three Domains
Bacteria - 1 King.
Archaea - 1 King.
Eukarya - 3 Dom. 6 King.
Microbes
An organism that cant be seen without a microsope
In all 3 Domains
Genetically diverse: 500,000
Live almost every place on Earth 5F - 750
Eat anything
Abundant
Evolution
Bacteria and Archaea (Prokaryotic)
Eukarya
Arose from endosymbiosis - Lrg. cell engulfed another
Bacteria
Shapes
Cocci - Spherical
Bacilli - Rod
Spirilla - Spiral
Exam 4
Characteristics of All Animals
Eukaryotic Cell without a cell wall
Multi-cellular
Ability to move
Heterotrophic
Cannot make its own food
Monophyletic Groups
Presence of Specialized Cells (Specific Function)
Tissue - Group or layer of S.C.
Skin - Epithelial cells
Cardiac - Muscle cells
Symmetry
Asymmetrical - No line of symmetry (Sponges)
Radial - Sectioned into identical halves
Bilateral - Split into a mirror image
Gut Formation
Protostomes - Mouth first
Deuterostomes - Mouth second
One direction (mouth to anus or anus to mouth)
Growth
Molting - Shedding outer covering
Continuous - Adding to their existing body
Characteristics Unique
Specialized Cells
Radial/Bilateral
Protostomes
Continuous/Moltin
Deuterostomes
Polyphyletic Groups
Invertebrates - No backbone (95% of animals)
Vertebrates - Have backbone
Animals
Sponges (Phylum Porifera)
No tissue
Hollow tubes or canals
Feed through pores
Free swimming larvae
Move as adults
Cnidaria
Radially symmetrical
Tentacles with stingers
Sea Anemones
Tentacles on top of body
Free swimming larvae and adults move a few inches
Corals
Secrete calcium carbonate shell
Energy from algae (zooxanthellae
Z gives oxygens and nutrients
C gives C02
Worms
Flatworms
Well defined and tail regions
Grow by adding
Herm.
Asexual and sexual
Mouth = anus
Roundworms
Unsegmented
Strong, flexible cuticle
Molt
Segmented
Polychaeta
Marine worms (lateral bristles)
Oligochaeta
Earth
Burrow in ground
Adds nutrients to the soil
Hirudinea
Leeches
Not all bloodsuckers
Eat other worms, snails, and insect larvae
Mullusca
Shell
Mantle (tissue forms the shell)
Radula (tongue structure)
Body Mass
Gastropoda
Bivalvia
Cephalopoda
Arthropoda
Millipedes/Centipedes
Chelicerates
Crustaceans
Insects
Adaptive Radiation
Metamorphosis and ability to fly (Insects)
Escape from predators
Move from one place to another
Complete/Incomplete
Division of organisms into 3 stages (83%)
Doesn’t pass through separate stages (17%)
From Water to Land
Respiration - Need to breath air
Lungs
Gravity - Structure
Limbs and vertebrae
Eggs - Eggs dry up
Waterproof eggshell
Chordata
Groups
Mammals
Monotremes - Eggs
Marsupial - Young develop outside moms body
Placental - Inside mother and placenta
Tetrapods (Four Feet)
Non-amniotes - Gelatinous eggs that do not have shell
Laid in or near water
Amphibians (Dual Life)
Amnoites - Eggs have protective shells or fluid filled sac (Reptiles and birds)
Vertebral Column
Lampreys
Jaw, Paired Appendages
Cartilaginous Fishes
Intenal Bony Skeleton
Fay-Finned Fishes
Lobed Appendages
Laobe-Finned Fishes
Legs with Multiple Digits
Amphibians
Amniotic Egg
Reptiles and Birds
Mammary Glands, Hair
Mammals
Groups
Mammals
Monotremes - Eggs
Marsupial - Young develop outside moms body
Placental - Inside mother and placenta
Tetrapods (Four Feet)
Non-amniotes - Gelatinous eggs that do not have shell
Laid in or near water
Amphibians (Dual Life)
Amnoites - Eggs have protective shells or fluid filled sac (Reptiles and birds)
Groups
Protist
Algae
Plants
Eukaryotic
Multicellular
Cant move
Cell wall
Alternation of Generations
Fungi
Eukarya (Mono)
Hetero - Decomposers or symbionts
Moving
Cell Wall (Chitin)
From Water to Land
Gravity - Grow low to the ground
Desiccation (Drying out) - Traps in water
Stationary Life Cons
Obtaining Nutrients
Can’t move to sunlit
Store
Finding a Mate
Disperse pollen
Resisting Predation
Thorns or toxins
Plants
Non- Vascular - Earliest
Water and nutrients (diffusion)
Haploid spores
Multicellular haploid and diploid
Seedless Vascular - Next split
Water and nutrients (circulatory system)
Haploid spores
Multicellular haploid and diploid
Seeded Vascular - Last big split
Gymnosperms - Cone producing
Pine, furs and redwoods
Angiosperms - Flower producing
Fruit and nut trees, grasses, cactus and herbs
Alternation of Generation
Sporophyte - Diploid with spores
Gametophyte - Haploid, prothallus
Male and female need water for fert.
Flower
Flower Reproduction
Pollination
Trickery
Bribery
Seed Dispersal
Hitching a ride
Flying and floating
Food Source
Double Fert.
Two sperms. One fert. the egg the other fert. endosperm.
More energy efficient
Do it rapidly (small size)
Fungi Uses and Relationships
Relationships
Symbionts
Fungus get sugar
Plant get nutrients
Uses
Food Source -Cap
Antibiotic - Penicillium
Bread - Yeast
Bioluminescent -Glow in dark
Organization of Life
Domain -Dont
Kingdom - Kill
Phylum -People
Class - Cuz
Order -Other
Family
Genus - Get
Species -Sad
Specific Epithet - Species name is the Genus and Species
Three Domains
Bacteria - 1 King.
Archaea - 1 King.
Eukarya - 3 Dom. 6 King.
Microbes
An organism that cant be seen without a microsope
In all 3 Domains
Genetically diverse: 500,000
Live almost every place on Earth 5F - 750
Eat anything
Abundant
Evolution
Bacteria and Archaea (Prokaryotic)
Eukarya
Arose from endosymbiosis - Lrg. cell engulfed another
Bacteria
Shapes
Cocci - Spherical
Bacilli - Rod
Spirilla - Spiral