Shoulder Complex

sternoclavicular joint, acromioclavicular joint, scapulothoracic joint, glenohumeral joint

link appendicular skeleton and axial skeleton

left and right not directly connected, independent movement, indirect attachment through manubrium of sternum

elevation/depression, protraction/retraction, upward/downward rotation, internal/external rotation, posterior/anterior tipping

movement in 3 planes

elevation/depression, protraction/retraction, rotation

guides the scapula

saddle joint, 2 saddle shaped surfaces, articular disc between clavicle and sternum which hinges and absorbs shock

anterior and posterior sternoclavicular ligament, costcoclavicular ligament, interclavicular ligament

anterior/posterior glide, depression of clavicle

excessive movement in all directions

depression of clavicle

elevation: convex of clavicle moves on concave, rolling superior and sliding inferior, sternoclavicular ligament and interclavicular ligament are slack, costoclavicular ligament is taut - helps limit motion

occurs in one direction, integrated with scapular upward rotation, only occurs after arm is abduction above 90

sliding or gliding joint, allows movement between scapula and clavicle

frontal plane - turns glenoid fossa superior and inferior

transverse plane - scapula away from posterior ribs

sagittal plane - tipping scapula

allows glenoid fossa to turn in different positions

SC joint allows more movement of clavicle, which guides motion of the scapula, AC joint is more subtle movement

acromioclavicular ligament coracoclavicular ligament coracoacromial ligament

external support of joint capsule, articulates with clavicle and acromion

prevents superior displacement of clavicle and medial/inferior displacement of scapula

prevents superior displacement of humerus, creates subacromial space

anterior surface of scapula and tissues that lie between it and the ribs, shock absorption and moves freely

ball and socket joint, 3 degrees of freedom

medially, superiorly 135 degrees, and posteriorly 30 degrees

laterally, superiorly, and anteriorly

coracohumeral ligament, coracoacromial ligament, glenohumeral ligament

taut in ER and shoulder adduction

limits superior glide of humeral head

continuous with capsule,

3 bands - superior, middle, inferior (anterior posterior, axillary pouch)

attached to edge around glenoid fossa, increases articulation or depth for fossa, suseptible to tearing

separates supraspinatus and head of humerus from acromion, coracoid process, and deltoid

function: reduce friction, protect supraspinatus

contains supraspinatus, subacromial bursa, long head of triceps, and superior capsule

functions: protection from superior trauma, prevents humeral head from superior distraction

bone spurs, inadequate rotation, inadequate inferior glide, muscle imbalance, poor scapular control

rounded shoulders, tilting of scapula, downward rotation of scapula

supraspinatus tendon, subacromial/deltoid bursa, long head of triceps