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What was the feudal structure before it collapsed?
Kings, Nobles, Knights, Peasants
What was the feudal system based upon?
trust and loyalty to do what you’re supposed to do
Why did the feudal system collapse?
The plauge - everyone was sick and dying fast
The decline of the church - priests were abandoning their positions, and they couldn’t stop the plague
Peasants wanted more power
Where would a serf live and what was their life like?
they lived in dirt huts
they had a terrible life they had to work and would be punished if they refused, super dirty, poor, starving, no education
What was the main focus during life in the Middle Ages?
To get to the next one
How was art reflective of the worldview of the Middle Ages?
Dark, showed life lots of after life, glorifed kings
What was the Renaissance? What were its values?
Rebirth of the classical world (greco-roman)
Humanism
Education very important
What did the cathedrals of the Middle Ages commnuicate?
power of the church
How and why did the church become powerful?
the goal was to get to the next life so the church controlled essential told them what to do in ordet to get there so they had the people loyalty
In what ways does the church begin to become to powerful?
They can control the people
Where did the plauge originate?
1348 overseas in Levant/ Europe
How was the pleauge transmitted?
fleas bite people and were on rats brought it and if you got it you would die
What effects (postive and negative) did the plague have on Europe?
Everyone died , but there were more jobs and great salary / helped economic system a lot
What were ways that people responded to the Black Plauge?
everyone went crazy, many different ways to stay away, child abanodment, familes separted, no money, things were deserted, every man for himself
Describe the art work from the Middle Ages...
Religious lacks depth and perception
What is the Middle Ages Veiw of man and THIS life?
stupid, meaningless, hopefully get to the next life
Why did the peasants revolt?
They were treated badly and wanted a better life
What role did John Ball play?
Stood up for the peasant and brought their hard life to light and said that man was created all eqaul
What factors contributed to the start of the Renissance?
Fall of constanoble brought texts that people wanted to learn
Trade in Italien city states - people funding art
Where did the Renissance begin and what prompted it?
Began in Europe and thinking back on a happier time prompted it
What are the values of the Renissance and how are they seen throughout the different aspects of Renissance culture?
Humanism you can see througout the art like the david they were facinated with the human body and rawness of it, being the ideal man
Education you can see in the School of Athens painting when they are all studying and reading
Christianity somewhat valued christianity and getting to heaven which was in many paintings
What doe the term "ad fontes" mean? Provide an example...
It means back to the source, this is seen as they looked back on greco-roman times in lit and art
What does Renissance mean?
Revival of or renewed intrest in something
What era did people from the Renissance draw inspriation from for a "rebirth'?
Greco-roman
What were the ideals that emerged during the Renaissance?
Humanism & Education
How did mathematics change the way human beings viewed themselves?That is to say, how did linear perpesctive in painting change the way human beings saw their own importance?
Increased our knowledge of archtecture, viewed themselves as very capable, accomplish realism and perspective
What did “The David” communicate
"The David" ----- Shows humanism and the ideal man, humasn are seen as godly
“The Sistine Chapel” - Michalangelo
God and man are seen as equal
"The School Athens" by Raphel
This painting showed the importance of learning
How does Renaissance art differ from the Middle Ages? How did the art reflect he changes in society?
Renissance was very linear had perception and depth, vanish points, very detailed, classical
Middle Ages was biblical and plain. No depth
The Book of Courtier by Baladassare Castiglione:
Showed the guide for being an ideal man - ideals
What was the ideal man in the Book of the Courtier?
strong, athletic, handsome, smart and had spreezatura which is like having no pride or being good at something and then acting like it was nothing
Machiavelli The Prince: What did Machiavelli think made a good prince?
To be cruel so that people listen to you, but not too cruel that you are hated by your people
Eramus of Rotterdam's The Praise of the Folly
What did Erasmus do?
He made fun of the Catholic Church to bring new ideas light like indulgences ane paying to get into heaven
What were Erasmus’s critiques of the catholic church
How does money get you less time in purgatory?
How can you adopt a saint and pray to it?
Monks are lazy and immoral
How was the classical world a "blueprint" for recivilzation of western culture?
nostalgia project - looked back on a better time and brought back those ideals
Brought back greco - roman ideals
From a bibical perspective of Renissance what are the pros and cons?
Pros: biblical figures shown in art
Cons: humanism was valued more than what the Bible said, humans > God
How did the art reflect the values of the Renissance?
Nakedness ---- facination with the human body
school of Athens - education was important
What was the political landscape of Europe before the Reformantion?
Wasn’t a country yet, just a kingdom
City - states being ruled by princes
Who were the Renissance Six? Why was Pope Leo X significant?
They were a group of immoral corrupt popes, Leo X was signifigcant becuse he made Rome the central of Europe
Who was John Tetzel?
He went all over Europe and sold indulgences and sold special indulgences from the Pope to make more money
What did people believe indulgences could do?
Get you or someone else into heaven/ forgive sins
Who was Fredrick the Wise and why was he important to Luther's life?
Helped Luther cause Luther didn't understand political things, he told him that the pope was gonna kill him
Who was Charles V and what was his goal?
He was the ruluer of the Holy Roman Empire and he wanted to unite Europe
Who is Luther and what was his goal?
He is the foudnder of the protestant faith and he wanted to show the truth of God's grace and mercy and the truth of the Holy Gospel and the Bible
What were Luther's critiques of the the Catholic church?
We are saved by Grace alone and God's mercy not indulgences also that God is a loving God, 95 theses
What did Luther's 95 Theses state?
We are saved by God's grace and mercy also the truth of the gospel and Bible
Sola Scriptura
Bible is final athority in matters of faith
Sola Christus
Christ alone, salvation is through Christ's finished works
Sola Gratia
Grace alone - you are saved by God’s grace alone
Solia Dei Gloria
To God's glory alone, we don't praise anything other than God
Sola Fide
Faith alone = faith not works is the basis for our salvation
What do Social Contrcts protect?
Rights, protection, people
What does the Natural Rights philosphy come out of?
Enlightenment
What is a State of Nature?
what the lives of people might have been like before societies came into existence
What is General Will?
the majority will of all people
What is Leviathian?
A ruler who rules through fear
What is allegory?
a story with a deeper meaning (LOTF)
What is Hobbes' social contract?
A leviathian ruler who rules through fear
What is Rousseau's social contrat?
The general will of the people and if you dont contribite you are kicked out
What is Locke's social contract?
The people give up their rights to a governent and the give freedom and protection
What is the symbolism of the scar (LOTF)
The boys ave brought evil to the island with them
What is the symbolism of the fire in LOTF?
fear
What is the symbolism of Piggy?
Civilation and rational thinking
What is the symbolism of Simon?
Christ figure and prophet
What is the symbolism of the Jack?
savagery and corruption and dictorship
What is the symbolism of the uninhabited island (LOTF)?
State of Nature
What is the symbolism of the beast (LOTF)?
the fear in everyone's heart
What is the symbolism of the conch (LOTF)?
rules and laws
What is the symbolism of the deaths of Piggy and Simon?
were prophets and philosopher who will never be heard
People do horrible things hidden under a mask
What is an example of a social contract forming and breaking in LOTF?
They are voting but then no one does anything and they break off
What are key words asscoiated with Machiavellie?
fear, cruel, order
What are key words asscoiated with Plato?
ideal, candy shop and doctor
What are key words asscoiated with Michelangelo?
human body, death, facination
What are key words asscoiated with Luther?
Bible, grace, church, God
What are key words asscoiated with Rousseau?
general will
What are key words asscoiated with Euramus?
money, puratory, induglenges, funny, church
What are key words asscoiated with Hobbes?
leviathan, fear
What are key words asscoiated with John Tetzel?
save, hell, die, family, pope, idulgences
Neptoism
favoritism shown to family or friends by those in power, especially in business or hiring practices
Pluralism
holding more than one church office at the same time
Simony
The selling of church offices
Renissance art characteristics
Every day scene
Religious scene but Greco Roman
Classical pagan + christian
Reformation art
Christians themes that came out of the reformation
3D - looks real
Note
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