apwh unit 8

state of hostility existing between two states characterized by an ideological struggle instead of open warfare

standoff between the Soviet union and the United States that transformed global politics

1) economic advantages (US had women working + no destruction from war, soviets had natural resources, large population, investment before ww2)

2) technological advantages (atomic bomb + ARMS RACE!!!!!!!!)

the US sends over 13 billion in aid for economic recovery in war torn nations

1) conflicting ideologies (democratic capitalism in the US vs authoritarian communism in the soviet union)

2) mutual mistrust (Joseph Stalin kept regions that were agreed to be more democratic, communist)

emphasizes free market economics and political participation from citizens

emphasizes strict gov control of economy and redistribution of wealth equally to citizens who have no voice in the gov

term coined by Winston Churchill describing territorial divisions

asian and African leaders of former colonies communicating they wouldnt be controlled by cold war conflicts

soviet occupation of eastern europe, had communist govs

nations against the soviets

soviet alliance

hydrogen bomb (created by USA, copied by soviets)

soviet leader shipped nuclear missiles to cuba (which was dangerously close to USA). jfk ordered naval blockade around cuba to stop

called on nuclear powers to prevent non-nuclear powers from creating such weapons

small, local indirect wars between US and soviets

proxy war in which communist north Korea invades anti-communist south Korea. US and UN help south, Soviets send guns to help north

proxy war in which Angolans won independence from the portuguese and USA + Soviet Union both wanted to select new group to lead

proxy war in which socialist group got power in Nicaragua, US backed group of contras to change socialism

mao zedong

collectivize (peaceful though!!)

mao zedong’s economic plan to rapidly industrialize china through the development of heavy industry

soviet industrialization = urban areas

Chinese industrialization = rural areas

suez canal under control of Egypt alone, not European. led to invasion in retaliation

communist & anti-communist

fidel casto (tried to purge Cuba of dependence on USA)

launched program of land redistribution + raised wages, transferred cuba’s wealth from rich to poor

1) negotiated independence

2) armed conflict

formed by Indian Muslims calling for state of their own out of fear of marginalization

pakistan

created out of gold coast, escaped british rule

formed in algeria to fight french rule aggressively

colonial boundaries

kashmir

pledge by the british to make Palestine a home for the jews

provided electricity and irrigation for much of egypt

social welfare reforms, healthcare + schooling

first female prime minister of india, implemented 5 year socialist economic plans

indian revolution using science to develop high-yielding grain

designated the territory of the imperial country in distinction from their colonial holdings during age of imperialism

created by Gandhi to protest britain domination of Indian cotton industry, followers boycott British textiles and made clothes at home

reaction against british salt monopoly, harvested own salt

black baptist minister in the US, anti American segregation laws

aimed to secure equal rights for black americans

black Americans boycotted the city's public transportation system

south African legalized racial segregation

south African civil rights guy!! used violence and nonviolent tactics, became president

ruled Chile under his dictatorship

targeted ethnic groups in Uganda (south Asians), but also his enemies

Islamic group founded by Osama bin laden committing terrorist attacks (ie: 9/11)

1) tech innovations in USA
2) failed Soviet invasion of afghanistan

3) mikhail gorbachev policies

US and soviets sign salt1 to prohibit further manufacturing of nuclear weapons (trashed by ronald Reagan later)

protests in Czechoslovakia against Soviet policies

1) perestroika - restructuring of economy to address economic woes by reducing level of central planning from the gov

2) glasnost - gov criticism peritted

3) ceased military intervention

torn down and Germany reunited

dissolved