Imperial bureaucracy & Confucianism
Used by Chinese dynasties throughout history
Mahayana
Branch of Buddhism that includes worship of bodhisattvas
Heian Japan & Korea
Continued to be influenced by Chinese scholarly and literary traditions
Filial piety
Chinese cultural tradition associated with Confucianism that emphasized a son's respect & obedience to his father
Peasants
Continued to serve as China's primary source of agricultural labor
Silk textiles & porcelains
Luxury goods produced by Chinese artisans primarily for export
Champa rice
Caused a significant increase in agricultural production when introduced to China
Grand Canal
Its expansion improved the transportation of goods in China
China
The world's leading producer of steel at the time
Islam
Monotheistic belief system based on the revelations of Muhammad that continued to shape societies in Africa & Asia
Sufis
Helped spread Islam by traveling on trade routes along with Muslim merchants & other missionaries
Turkic political entities
Muslim states such as the Seljuk Empire
'A'ishah al-Ba'uniyyah
Poet and Sufi who made contributions to Islamic literature
Spain
Ruled by Muslims due to military expansion
Vedic beliefs
Reincarnation and pursuit of spiritual enlightenment through rejection of worldly desires associated with Hinduism and Buddhism
Bhakti
Hindu devotional movement
Rajput kingdoms and Khmer Empire
Hindu states in South Asia and Southeast Asia
Srivijaya Empire and Sukhothai Kingdom
Buddhist states in Southeast Asia
Monasticism
Practice associated with Buddhism and Christianity
Maya
Ruled Mesoamerican city-states with control over exotic goods and human sacrifice
Inca
Maintained rule over Andean South America with a network of roads
Christianity
Used by Ethiopian kings to bolster their legitimacy; its presence in Ethiopia demonstrates cultural transfers in the broader Afro-Eurasian world
Great Zimbabwe
Walls were built by its African rulers to enhance their power and legitimacy
House of Wisdom in Baghdad
Abbasid institution of Islamic learning that encouraged intellectual transfers
Religion
Used by states throughout the world to enhance their legitimacy or justify their rule
European society and culture
Deeply influenced by Christianity
European governments during the Middle Ages
Decentralized feudal monarchies
Serfdom
Coerced labor system on which Europe's agrarian economy and manorial system relied
Muslim intellectual advancements & transfers
Math of Nasir al-Din al-Tusi
Chaco & Cahokia
Evidence of state systems in North America