1865-1877 Reconstruction

1864- 10% plan- allegiance, support congress and AA vote. Louisiana admitted. Congress intro’d Wade Davis (50%) Lincoln vetoed. 1865=Freedmen’s bureau. Assassinated April 1865

Accepted Wade-Davis bill. Agreed for elections by 1860 white electorate.

1866- congress overturns Johnson’s veto of Civil Rights Bill

All ex-confed states reject 14th amendment- Radical Reconstruction is started. Military Reconstruction Bill 1867, Command of the Army Act, Tenure of Office Act.

1868- Johnson impeached.

Favourable of firm treatment of the south. Carpetbaggers- northern govt officials in the south. Scalawags- Southern white Republicans

1869= 15th amendment

Black Friday: James Fisk and Jay Gould attempted to manipulate Gold Market resulting in financial panic September 1969. Personal associations to Grant

Whiskey Ring: a number of distillers, distributors and public officials conspired to defraud the govt’ of millions of tax revenue. Grant’s private sec Orville Babcock was involved.

The Election of 1876 and Compromise of 1877. Opposition won more popular vote, secret deal between Reps and Dems that Hayes would be accepted if he withdrew troops and carpetbaggers.

South lost political autonomy until 1877. From 1865-1914 only 1 Southern president and only 7 Southern SC judges. Southerners felt politically distanced from Washington DC.

In the late 1860s/early 70s the South benefitted from high cotton prices- railroads built and textile manufacturing expanded.

1870s saw cotton prices fall. South remained economically depressed compared to the North.

2 black senators and 20 black representatives elected to congress.

However, political minority in many states and KKK terrorised many into not voting through lynchings and beatings

Employment- little or no land, sharecroppers faced economic hardship when prices fell. Black institutions meant AAs could lead and manage- doctors, lawyers, teachers.

Segregation and Jim Crow laws introduced- facilities were inferior to white counterparts.