World History Honors - Abrahamic Religions

Considered the father of the three faiths of the Middle East: Judaism, Christianity, and Islam.

Christian and Jewish prophet, who led the Hebrews out of Egypt. It is believed that God gave him the Ten Commandments, or Holy Law for his people to follow.

A skilled general, he is the David from the Bible that defeated Goliath. He began construction of the temple in Jerusalem.

He was the son of David, and a great leader. Israel prospered during his reign, and the Temple of Solomon was completed.

The holy book of the Jewish people. The Torah is made up of the first five books of the Old Testament.

The oldest known Biblical texts on earth, which includes the Jewish Torah. They were found near the Dead Sea in what is today Israel and date from between 200 B.C. and A.D. 100.

Ancient mountaintop fortress in Israel, that the Romans laid siege to in A.D. 73. In the end more than 900 Jewish zealot’s committed suicide rather than being taken prisoner by the Romans.

Literally means Dispersion. Refers to the dispersal of the Jewish people from the Holy Land in the 1st century A.D. after the Jewish Wars with Rome.

The last remaining wall of the Temple of Solomon, and the holiest place on Earth to the Jewish People.

Jewish teacher who Christians believe to be the Son of God and the savior mention in the Old Testament known as the Messiah

Holiest site on earth to Christians, it is a church in Jerusalem built over the site where Jesus was suppose to have been crucified and buried.

The followers of Jesus.

Accounts of the life of Jesus that were recorded by some of his Disciples and their followers.

The Christian books of the Bible, written after the death of Jesus.

People who suffer or die for their beliefs.

The 1st Roman Emperor to convert to Christianity.

The leader of the Catholic Church, and the leader of all Christians until 1517.

Organized by the Emperor Constantine it summarized the official Church policy of the Christian faith, including Church holidays and what would be in the Christian Bible.

The holiest city in the Muslim world.

The most sacred shrine of Islam, located in the Great Mosque in Mecca. Every day Muslims around the world pray to the Kaaba, according to Muslim belief it was built by the prophets Abraham and Ishmael.

The holiest prophet and founder of Islam.

The migration of Muhammad and his followers from Mecca to Medina in 622 C.E., this marked the first year of the Muslim calendar.

Means “City of the Prophet”, and is the city that Muhammad went to during the Hejira; Muhammad is buried there in the Prophet’s Mosque today.

Name given to the people who are followers of the Islamic faith.

The holy book of the Muslim religion.

Proclaim their belief in one God.

Pray towards Mecca 5 times a day.

Charity to the poor and aged

Fasting during the month of Ramadan (Ramadan occurs at a different time each year. Muslims must not eat or drink during the daylight hours during Ramadan. It marks the month when God revealed his plans to Muhammad.).

is the pilgrimage to Mecca that all Muslims must make at least once in their life.

Means “Successor to the Prophet”, and today it refers to the ruler ship of Islam, however Muslims worldwide cannot agree on who this should be.

Known also as the Wars of Apostasy, were a series of military campaigns launched by the Caliph Abu Bakr against rebel Arabian tribes during 632 and 633 C.E., just after Muhammad died.

More radical Muslim sect that believes that only a descendant of Muhammad can become Caliph.

Sect of the Muslim religion that believes any devote Muslim can become the Caliph, they make up 90% of the Muslim population in the world today.

The second Islamic caliphate, which was founded by Mu’awiyah in Arabia after the Prophet Muhammad's death. The Umayyads ruled the Islamic world from Damascus between 661 and 750 C.E.

Term used to refer to non-Muslims living in Muslim-controlled territories. These people were generally Christians and Jews and could worship freely in exchange for paying a tax.

Muslims who conquered and made southern Spain their home in 711 C.E., they ruled the region until 1492 C.E. when the Spanish expelled them.

Battle that occurred in 732 C.E. in France between the Moors (Muslim) and the Franks (Christian), where Muslim expansion in Europe was stopped for good.

(The Hammer) King of the Franks who stopped the Muslim expansion in Europe at the Battle of Tours.

The third of the Islamic caliphates the Abbasid caliphate was founded by the descendants of the Prophet Muhammad's youngest uncle. It was ruled by the Abbasid dynasty of caliphs from 750 – 1258 C.E., who built their capital in Baghdad after overthrowing the Umayyad caliphate.

Ruler of the Mali Empire from 1312 – 1337 C.E. A Muslim, he brought the Mali Empire to its greatest height. During his reign Timbuktu became a center of Muslim culture and scholarship. His pilgrimage to Mecca in 1324 – 1325 C.E. brought Mali fame throughout the world. The emperor traveled with an immense entourage, his gifts of gold in Cairo were so lavish that the metal was devalued in Egypt.

The Kaaba is a brick building that is covered with a sacred cloth