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Work
Force applied over a distance, calculated as the product of force and displacement, W = Fs.
Kinetic Energy (KE)
Energy of an object in motion, KE = 1/2mv^2, always positive.
Gravitational Potential Energy
Energy due to an object's position relative to the earth's surface, PE = mgh.
Conservative Forces
Forces where work is independent of the path, conserving mechanical energy.
Conservation of Mechanical Energy
Total mechanical energy (KE + PE) remains constant if net work by nonconservative forces is zero.
Nonconservative Forces
Forces like friction, air resistance, where work done is not zero, affecting total mechanical energy.
Power
Average rate of work done, P = W/t or Fv, measured in watts (W) or joules per second.
Conservation of Energy
Energy can't be created or destroyed, only converted between different forms.
Note
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