AP government fall final review!!

James Madison argues that a large republic helps combat against factions (inevitable in a free society.)

All political power resides in the people. The people are independent.

state laws and court decisions must be honored by outher states.

Gives congress the power to regulate commerce among states, upheld in (Gibbons vs Ogden.)

Powers of government are divided between the states and federal government.

national and state governments are seen as separate entities providing separate services. (weakens the national government.)

Establishes the constitution as the “supreme law of the land”, Established in McCullough vs Maryland.

powers that the constitution does not grant to the national government but does not deny to the states (10th amendment)

powers only given to the national government. (Coining money, making treaties, and regulating commerce)

Grants given to the states for specific purposes, such as building an airport or a school program.

money given to the states without strings attached.

well known, more connections, more money.

interest groups, political parties, media, and voting all link citizens to the political process.

The switching of voter process from one party to another. This can happen during “critical elections”

Primary purpose is to influence public policy, and has a very narrow point of view. They influence through PACS, use of media,and grassroots campaigns.

the idea that having a variety of parties and interest groups will strengthen the system.

the issues that the general public and political leaders agree need attention.

a primary in which any voter regardless of party status can vote

a primary in which only those with active voter status within the party can vote.

states are given representation based of their population. Speaker of the house is the most powerful figure in the house

Composed of congress, interest group, and bureaucracy.

Funds that are given directly to a specific candidate. these funds are regulated and disclosed.

Funds that are NOT directly given to the candidate. these do not have limits.

supreme court ruled that political spending by corporations and labor unions is a form of free speech and protected under the 1st amendment, removing any bans on “soft money.”

The government institution responsible for the drawing of congressional district lines.

congressional districts have been drawn in an odd shape to the advantage of the political party in control of state legislature.

Money within spending bills that benefits constituents back home in districts/states.

All treaties must be approved by a 2/3 vote of the senate.

terms are longer then the house, and more responsibility therefore more prestige.

used to prevent action on a bill, by talking. (unlimited debate in the senate leads to these.)

the main way to end a filibuster, by a 3/5ths vote in senate. (60/100)

divides workload evenly among congress to properly screen bills and allowing members to develop expertise.

Permanent committees that deal with broad areas of public policy. (house rules committee, ect.)

When the House, senate, and presidency are not controlled by the same party.

Command the armed forces, veto acts of congress, grant pardons and reprieves, negotiate treaties, Nominate federal judges, and give the state of the union address.

belived in direct democracy, in which everyone voted.

Most famous for his social contract theory.

Uses a theory of natural rights to argue that governments have obligations to their citizens.

Court case that established the principle of judicial review

Gave the federal government the rights to set up a federal bank and declared that states could not tax the federal government.