Exam 2 People

Robert Bakewell

Agriculturalist who developed New Leiester (Dishley Ram) to produce "mutton for the masses", revolutionized sheep and cattle breeding in England

Paul Berg

Chair of committee who published "Potential Hazards of Recombinant DNA Molecules", stopped his own research for fear bacteria could escape and cause cancer, Nobel prize and chemistry for DNA sequencing

Frank Berger

Discovered Prozac compound while working for Wallace Laboratories/Carter products in New Jersey, Czech-trained and worked on penicillin in U.K.

Herb Boyer

Studied restriction enzymes and discovered "sticky ends", collaborated with Staney Cohen

Stanley Cohen

Studied plasmids and wanted to understand how they conferred antibiotic resistance to bacteria, collaborated with Staney Cohen to discover rDNA

Francis Collins

Director of NIH 2009-2021 and director of NIH HGP (National Hum Genome Research Institue) 1993-2003, converted from atheism to Christianity in his 20s

Margaret Dayhoff

Pioneer in application of computers to protein structural analysis, develops atlas of amino acid sequences and 3D structures, research on biological effects of radiation

Charles Davenport

Wrote Heredity in Relation to Eugenics, founder of Cold Spring Harbor Station or Experimental Evolution to search for "Mendelian" human traits

Rosalind Franklin

British chemist whose work was central to the understanding of molecular structures of DNA, RNA, viruses, coal, graphite - she was excluded from collaboration by her colleagues

Sigmund Freud

Trained as a physiologist and medical doctor, Freudian or 'psychodynamic' psychiatry (people's experience not physical state cause mental illness), popular childrearing manuals

Francis Galton

Coined the term eugenics, half-cousin of Charles Darwin, interested in evolution through natural selection

John B. Gurdon

Research in nuclear transplantation and cloning, removed the nucleus of a fertilized egg cell from a frog and replaced it with the nucleus of a cell taken from a tadpole's intestine

Hippocrates

"the Hippocratic oath" a moral code which medical trainees pledge

Louis Ignarro

Pharmacologist, discovered the role of nitic oxide in smooth muscle relaxation including penile erections, won a Nobel prize

Walter Gilbert

New method of DNA sequencing proposed in 1976 and shares 1980 Nobel Prize for DNA sequencing, proposed existence of introns and exons, founder of several biotechnology companies including Biogen

Alexander Maximow

Russian biologist who hypothesized blood stem cells, first culture + identification of stem cells in blood of mouse

Ernest McCulloch

Worked at Ontario Cancer Research Institute, studied the regeneration of blood cells in the bone marrow after radiation and one marrow transplants

Pope Pius IX

Noted life begins at conception

Van Rensselaer Potter II

Coined the term bioethics, biochemist and cancer researcher, envisioned bioethics as a practical field for helping biologists and clinicians solve practical problems

Frederick Sanger

Co-inventor of DNA sequencing, sequenced amino acid composition of insulin

Claude Shannon

One of the founds of information theory and computer science, master's thesis showed Boolean logic (aka 0s and 1s) could be embedded in electronic circuits

Leo Sternbach

Organic chemist who synthesized Librium (marketed for anxiety between mild and severe, initial concerns about addition and withdraw went unheeded), also synthesized Valium

James Till

Worked with Ernest McCulloch at the Ontario Cancer Research Institute on the regeneration of blood cells in bone marrow after radiation, discovery and culture of mouse hematopoietic SCs

J. Craig Venter

Against HGP and researched whole-genome shotgun (WGS) funded by Perkin-Elmer

James Watson

Leader of human genome project when it was launched in 1990, followed a map then sequence strategy, joint effort with NIH-DOE

August Weismann

Coined "germ plasm" theory arguing that only germ cells pass on characteristics the next generation as opposed to body cells (soma)

Maurice Wilkins

Conflict with Rosalind Franklin, helped define double helix structure of DNA

Ian Wilmut

One of the leaders that produced dolly the sheep

Edmund B. Wilson

Spread the idea of stem cells as some kind of cells that get passed from generation to generation to the United States

Shinya Yamanaka

First human iPCS (induced pluripotent SCs) reated with retrovial transduction