American History week 7

A discriminatory practice that consists of the systematic denial of services such as mortgages, insurance loans, and other financial services to residents of certain areas, based on their race or ethnicity.

→The origins of the term come from government homeownership programs that were created as part of the 1930s-era New Deal.

Anyone, black or white, born in the United States was a full citizen with all the appropriate rights, of which he or she could not be deprived without due process of law.

Forbade states to limit the right to vote ‘on account of race, colour or previous condition of servitude.’

These questions revolved around the legal, political, and social status of the former Confederate states, as well as the fate of the millions of enslaved people who had been freed as a result of the war.

Black codes were restrictive laws designed to limit the freedom of African Americans and ensure their availability as a cheap labor force after slavery was abolished during the Civil War (1865–1866).

Declared all persons born in the United States to be citizens, "without distinction of race or color, or previous condition of slavery or involuntary servitude.

Created new regimes across the south, of a political and racial character utterly different from any of their predecessors.

To protect and advance black social interests.

The term carpetbagger was used by opponents of Reconstruction—the period from 1865 to 1877 when the Southern states that seceded were reorganized as part of the Union—to describe Northerners who moved to the South after the war, supposedly in an effort to get rich or acquire political power.

Referred to white Southerners who supported Reconstruction policies and efforts after the conclusion of the American Civil War.

It provided that those who had the right to vote prior to 1866 or 1867, and their lineal descendants, would be exempt from recently enacted educational, property, or tax requirements for voting.

→ but the ancestors of most African-Americans citizens had been enslaved and constitutionally ineligible to vote

→ part of Jim Crow laws

Jim Crow laws were a collection of state and local statutes that legalized racial segregation. were meant to marginalize African Americans by denying them the right to vote, hold jobs, get an education or other opportunities. (c. 1877 - c. 1950)

Lynch law was a form of extrajudicial punishment in which individuals accused of crimes were summarily executed without a trial. Lynching was often used as a tool of white supremacy to enforce racial hierarchies and maintain social control over black communities.

The Ku Klux Klan is a hate group that emerged during Reconstruction and became prominent during the Jim Crow era. The Klan was a white supremacist organization that used violence and intimidation to maintain white supremacy and enforce racial segregation.

Federal troops withdraw from the south.

Supreme Court struck down the Civil Rights Act of 1875: guaranteed black access to public premises such as ‘inns, conveyances and places of amusement’.

The First Great Migration (1910-1940) had Black southerners relocate to northern and midwestern cities including: New York, Chicago, Detroit, and Pittsburgh.

The Second Great Migration was the migration of more than 5 million African Americans from the South to the Northeast, Midwest and West. It began in 1940, through World War II, and lasted until 1970.

A border that marked the lands that had been settled by Europeans. It is characterized by the westward movement of European settlers from their original settlements on the Atlantic coast (17th century) to the Far West (19th century)

The period after the Civil War in the United States, from roughly the 1870s to the early 1900s, is often referred to as the Gilded Age. This was a time of rapid industrialization, economic growth, and technological innovation, fueled by a number of factors.