Prologue/Chapter One Test

Psychology’s creation - 1920s: Definition of psychology was:

1920s-1960s: Definition of psychology was:

1960s-Present: Definition of psychology was:

Socrates and Plato believed that the mind and body were one/separate and that knowledge was innate/learned. This is known as monism/dualism

Aristotle believed that the soul is/isn’t separate from the body: known as monism/dualism. He believed that knowledge is innate/learned.

Which 2 ancient greek philosophers believed that the mind and body were separate?

Which ancient Greek philosopher believed that the mind and body are one?

Medical doctor who said mental problems were the result of biological causes

Which philosopher believed that the mind controlled the body’s movements, sensations, and perceptions (dualism)?

Which philosopher believed that the mind was a “blank slate”?

Which philosopher invented empiricism?

Emphasized that all knowledge is obtained through observation and experiment (John Locke invented this)

name the person:

• cognitive/behavioral

• cognitive maps

• latent learning

• Pres of APA

Name the person:

• Behavioral

• Ran experiments on monkeys and discovered that love and comfort are non-physical needs

Name the person:

• Structuralist

• Introspection

• Structuralism

  • Coined “empathy”

Name the person:

• Evolutionary

• Theory of evolution

• natural selection

Name the person:

• Structuralism

• Father of experimental psychology

• Founded first psych lab in 1879 and is considered the person who established psych as a distinct field of science

Name the person:

• Social

• Stanford prison experiment

• APA Pres

Name the person:

• Behavioral

• Classical conditioning experiment w/dogs and salivation

Name the person:

• Cognitive/behavioral

• Transformed prisons, leading to the creation of mental hospitals

Name the person:

• Behavioral

• “Little Albert” Experiment

  • Behavior can be conditioned

Name the person:

• Psychoanalytic to Social

• Identity Crisis

• 8 Stages of development

Name the person:

• Cognitive

• Created the first IQ Test

Name the person:

• Gestalt and Social

• Conformity Experiments

  • Peer Pressure

Name the person:

• Psychoanalytic

• Coined “intro/extrovert” terms

Name the person:

• Social

• Obedience to Authority

  • Electrical shocks

Name the person:

• Behavioral

• Reinforced behavior

• Operant Conditioning

  • Operant Conditioning Box

Name the person:

• Humanistic/Positive Psychology

• Hierarchy of Needs

Name the person

• Social

• Bobo Doll experiments

  • Behavior can be learned through observation

Name the Person:

• James-Lange theory

  • physical changes in the body happen first, which then leads to the experience of emotion

• Functionalist

  • Founded functionalism

Name the person

• Psychoanalytic/Functionalist

• Denied Ph.D due to gender

• First female president of APA

Name the person

• Behavioral

• Operant conditioning

• laws of learning

• reinforcement

Name the person

• Cognitive

• First American to get PhD in Psych

• First president of APA

Name the person

• Theories on dreams

• Ego, superego

• Psychoanalytic

  • Founder of psychoanalysis

Name the person

• Cognitive

• Theory of cognitive development

Name the person

• Behavioral

• First female to get a phd in psych

All human behavior reflects the influence of the psychological predispositions that helped our ancestors survive and reproduce.

focuses on each individual's potential and stresses the importance of growth and self-actualization

Study on how people think and are influenced by learning and experience

• Biological influences affect our brain

  • Psychological, genetic, and developmental mechanisms in humans and animals

The study of rules, roles, groups, relationships, cultural norms, values, and expectations and its impact on behavior.

• Introspection(set of observations made under controlled conditions)

  • Sought to analyze the adult mind in terms of the simple components

Our emotions are based on our surroundings, our mind helps us adapt to our environment

All behavior is learned through engagement w/the environment. Innate factors have little to no effect on behavior; all behavior is learned

The whole of anything is greater than its parts, school of thought that looks at the human mind and behavior as a whole.

how the unconscious mind influences your thoughts, feelings, and behaviors

Systematically considers, biological, psychological, and social factors and their interactions.

Study mental processes and behavior by observing, interpreting, and recording how people relate to one another and their environments

Medical field job that prescribes treatments and medications to treat mental, emotional, and behavioral disorders.

an __ psychologist might diagnose learning disabilities, design and manage individualized learning learning plans for students, and educate and advise teachers and families on learning.

a _ psychologist applies psychological knowledge to the criminal justice system.

Human factor psychologist

industrial-organizational psychologist

a __ psychologist administers tests for patients w/mild to severe traumatic brain injury.

in-depth study of one person/group to hopefully find universal principles . disadvantage is that it’s hard to apply to the population as you are only studying one person/group

Set of predetermined questions being answered by a select group of people. disadvantage is that the sample can be biased

researches obesrve and record what they see participants do. observer bias is disadvantage.

following group of people periodically over time, disadvantage is time and cost

Data is collected from groups of participants of different ages, disadvantage is that it cannot be used to analyze behavior over a long period of time

correlation does/doesn’t prove causation

correlation coefficient of 0 means __ correlation, 1 means strong _ correlation, -1 means strong _ correlation

what research method establishes true cause-effect by manipulation of variables?

When does a skewed distribution occur?