Bio Quarter 3 Exam

Looks for natural variations present in species that will produce desired traits in their offspring

Method of DNA separation. Produces bands that allow researchers to identify similarities and differences in genomes

Makes desired changes in an organism's genetic code

Combining DNA fragments from 2 different sources/organisms

The process of inserting modified genes into an organism to treat a disease or disorder

An organism that has recombinant DNA inserted into it

The use of a body cell and a sex cell to create Dolly is known as this

An international project to sequence and map all human DNA

Because everyone is unique, this can be used to identify a person

A body cell is taken from the organism to be cloned. An egg cell is taken from another organism (a female) and the nucleus is removed. The two cells are fused together using electric shock. The fused cell begins dividing and is then placed in the uterus of a foster mother. The embryo develops into an organism that looks like the body cell donor

Tool used to cut DNA into fragments

They recognize a certain sequence of bases

The "tails" or unpaired bases that stick out after a restriction enzyme has cut a piece of DNA (except for blunt cuts).

Positive (far) end

Farther

When layers of sediment are laid over a dead organism. Over a long period of time, heat and pressure change the sediments into sedimentary rock. Chemical activities will occur that replace the organic parts of the organism with rock.

Deeper in the ground

The process of using an index fossil to determine the relative age of a fossil, based on where it is located in sedimentary rock compared to the index fossil

The process of using a half-life of isotopes to calculate the absolute age of fossils

A planet full of volcanic activity and poisonous gases. The planet was often hit by comets and asteroids

Oxygen

Groups of prokaryotes formed the first eukaryotes

PROKARYOTES!

Bacteria, specifically archaebacteria

Shows periods of rapid change, followed by long periods of no change

Shows slow, gradual change

When species evolve in response to each other. They do not evolve at the same time

The similar body structure but different ancestry of penguins and dolphins, or dolphins and sharks, indicates that these groups have undergone a process in which unrelated organisms come to resemble each other due to their similar environment

When one species ends up evolving into many different species that evolved based on separate environments because of the reproductive isolation that separated the populations

Stabilizing selection

Disruptive selection

Directional selection

A change where an organism or species becomes better suited to its environment

Changes in the genes of organisms, as a result of sexual reproduction

The combined genetic information of all members of a particular population

The formation of a new species

The separation of species or populations so that they cannot interbreed and produce fertile offspring

Darwin's theory that organisms with the best traits for their environment will live and reproduce

Both

Over time, natural selection results in changes in the inherited characteristics of a population. These changes increase a species' fitness in its environment

Fitness

Oldest hominid fossil found

First species to use tools

Rough and tough species, genetic dead end

Species most like modern gorillas

Classification system based on evolutionary relationships

Decreased, increased

Domain

Determine scientific name

Bacteria, Archaea, Eukarya

Diverged/evolved

Diagram that shows the evolutionary relationships and shared traits of organisms

Evolutionary, derived characteristics

Heterotrophs whose cell walls contain chitin

Prokaryotes whose cell walls contain peptidoglycan

Multicellular autotrophs whose cell walls contain cellulose

Prokaryotes whose cell walls lack peptidoglycan

Multicellular eukaryotes without cell walls or chloroplasts

Unicellular, colonial, or multicellular eukaryotes that show a variety of characteristics