Cardiovascular 

Auricles

appendages that increase atrial volume, rights posterior wall is smooth, anterior is ridged.

Heart rate

responds to input from- aortic arch and carotid sinuses.

Stroke Volume

amount of blood pumped by ventricle in 1 beat (60- 80 ml)

Lubb

long slow 1st sound, contraction of ventricles /closing of AV valves.

QRS Complex

depolarization of ventricles + repolarization of atria.

Purkinje fibers

transmit impulses to ventricular myocardium.

T Wave

repolarization of ventricles.

Atria and ventricle is NOT connected by

• gap junctions.

Cardiac output

amount of blood going through body in 1 minute.

Atrioventricular node

special cardiac mm that slows conduction to allow complete atrial atria.

Pulmonary Artery

carries deoxygenated blood from heart (right ventricle) to the lungs.

Pulmonary circuit

Right side of heart.

Ventricular systole

blood moves ACTIVELY into semilunar valves.

Pulmonary Vein

carries oxygenated blood from lungs to heart (left atrium)

Membranes/Linings of the heart

Fibrous CT (anchors, protects), Parietal Pericardium, Visceral Pericardium (aka epicardium)

Heart Wall Layers

Epicardium, myocardium (autorrhythmic), endocardium (smooth mm to prevent clots)

Pulmonary Artery

carries deoxygenated blood from heart (right ventricle) to the lungs

Pulmonary Vein

carries oxygenated blood from lungs to heart (left atrium)

Auricles

appendages that increase atrial volume, rights posterior wall is smooth, anterior is ridged

Pulmonary circuit

Right side of heart

Systematic circuit

Left side of heart

Left side of heart anatomy

higher BP because pushing to more extremities, walls thicker to have stronger contractions

Blood supply of Myocardium

coronary circulation

Coronary vessels deliver blood to the myocardium when

heart relaxed

Extra pre-existing pathways for blood

anastomoses

Extra created pathways for blood

angiogenesis

Sinoatrial node

natural pacemaker for heart w/out extrinsic factors,

Atrioventricular node

special cardiac mm that slows conduction to allow complete atrial atria

Bundle of HIS/AV Bundle

receives and transmits impulses to bundle branches

Purkinje fibers

transmit impulses to ventricular myocardium

Atria and ventricle is NOT connected by

gap junctions

P wave

depolarization of atria

QRS complex

depolarization of ventricles + depolarization of atria

T wave

depolarization of ventricles

systole

contraction

diastole

relaxation

atrial diastole

blood flows into atria

atrial systole

blood moves PASSIVELY into ventricles

ventricular systole

blood moves ACTIVELY into semilunar valves

Lubb

long slow 1st sound, contraction of ventricles/closing of AV valves

dubb

short sharp 2nd sound, closing of semilunar valves

Cardiac output formula

(stroke volume x heart rate)/1000

Cardiac output

amount of blood going through body in 1 minute

Stroke Volume

amount of blood pumped by ventricle in 1 beat (60-80 ml)

Starlings law of the heart

the more stretched the heart mm @ start of contraction, the stronger contraction is

untrained exercise effects on heart

CO increases due to HR/SV increasing, SV plateaus but HR increases

trained exercise effects on heart

athletes develop greater SV due to mm efficiency

Heart rate responds to input from

aortic arch and carotid sinuses

raises heart rate

anger, anxiety, fear, exercise, hormones, warm blood

lowers heart rate

grief, pain, cold blood