where photosynthesis takes place

where kreb's cycle occurs

where the electron transport chain occurs

where glycolysis occurs

can make their own food

must consume organic material to obtain food

organism that uses oxygen (Cellular Respiration)

organism that doesn't use oxygen (Fermentation)

unit of measurement: amount of energy required to increase 1 mL of water 1 degree celsius

kilocalorie (1,000c) unit we measure food in; 1 gram of sugar = 3.811 Calories of heat

only cellular respiration (Humans)

only fermentation

use both cellular respiration and fermentation

the chemical reaction of the transfer of electrons to a molecule (reduction) and therefore from another molecule (Oxidation)

main energy molecule used in organisms

starts glycolysis; changes glucose into glucose 6-phosphate

NAD+ gains 2 electrons therefore attracting a H+ (3 ATP)

FAD attracts 2 H

Guanosine Triphosphate

Glycolysis is the first part followed by the fermentation step. releases energy from food molecules in the absence of oxygen.

Enzymes convert Pyruvic Acid and NADH into Ethyl alcohol, CO2 and NAD+ -Recycles the NADH back into NAD+ so glycolysis can keep happening... -Produced in wine, beer, bread.

-Enzymes convert the Pyruvic Acid and NADH into Lactic Acid (3C) and NAD+ -Recycles the NADH back into NAD+ so glycolysis can keep happening. -Used by many bacteria (seen in dairy) and several cells of animals, mostly muscle. -Lactic acid causes the "burn" in muscles after a workout, eventually cleared by liver and kidneys

Natural element in the body; Take the phosphate off the creatine and put it on ADP to make ATP

First person to discover LIVING cells "Perfecting" the microscope

Quantitative data

What is measured in the experiment and is placed on the Y axis of a graph

A well tested explanation about a scientific phenomenon uniting several disciplines

40x

35,500

Mutating eukaryotic cells grown in a petri dish

they are expensive they can magnify images up to 1,000,000x and beyond they can use electrons to produce an image of the specimen

the diaphragm

Qualitative data

hypothesis

responding variable

Bar graph

In Vivo

Ocular lens

Centrifugation

Extrapolation

A possible answer to a scientific question A logical interpretation based upon prior observations A well-tested explanation unifying a broad range of observations A scientific statement about what happens

What term refers to a well-tested explanation that unifies a broad range of observations

1,000x

a group of unicellular organisms physically linked together

homeostasis

Biome

Heat

Producers that utilize the sun's energy in a process known as photosynthesis, convert that solar energy into what

Biogeochemical reservoir that is organic and unavailable

process in which organisms that can harness energy from the breakdown of inorganic materials

Saw the first dead cell From a Cork plant Only the cell wall

living factor (Grass)

all of the individuals of all of the species with a particular area

the one-way movement of energy through an ecosystem

Why a food web is better than a food chain

made up of one or containing only the same one type of cell

organisms made up of or containing multiple eukaryotic cells of different types

Eukaryotic cells contain a nucleus, but prokaryotic cells do not

so you know which variable caused a specific outcome

8

a fixed volume, fixed shape, and very little space between molecules

a fixed volume, but not a fixed shape, and little space between between molecules

Not a fixed volume nor a fixed shape, and lots of space between molecules

an "atom" that has gained electrons and has a negative charge

a negative charge and found orbiting the nucleus

discovered that not all atoms of a given element are identical, what are known as iostopes

The sharing of electrons between two atoms

atomic #: 1

of protons: 1

atomic mass: 1 neutrons: 0 electrons: 1 Valence electrons: 2 To be happy:

atomic #: 8 protons: 8 atomic mass: 16 neutrons: 8 electrons: 8 valence electrons: 6 to be happy: 2 covalent bonds: 2

atomic #: 6 protons: 6 atomic mass: 1 neutrons: 6 electrons: 6 valence electrons: 4 to be happy: 4 covalent bonds: 4

atomic #: 7 protons: 7 atomic mass: 14 neutrons: 7 electrons: 7 valence electrons: 5 to be happy: 3 covalent bonds: 3

protons and neutrons added together

different # of neutrons

shares 4 electrons

one atom gives up an electron (positive) and another gains an electron (negative)

4

group of atoms sticking together due to polarity

density (Denser as a liquid than a solid)

water sticking to surrounding objects (water climbing the edge of a glass)

more hydrogen ions and less hydroxide ions

What sub-atomic particle does the atomic number of an element represent

outermost orbit of electrons

lower line of a water in a glass, the line we would measure

section of water where the temperature rapidly changes as you go down in depth

smallest part of an element that still contains all the qualities of that element

unevenly distributed charge of an atom. Parts of the atom can be S+ or S- depending on where the electrons are. The electrons are constantly moving and are not always equally shared, resulting in polarity.

the amount of matter something contains (permanent)

the mass affected by gravity

amino acids -> proteins made from "Blueprint" in DNA contains big 4: Carbon, Nitrogen, Oxygen, Hydrogen

amino acid chain in it's order

foldings of primary chain ( alpha helix or beta sheet)

large foldings of the protein itself

if theres more than one amino acid chain

PH, salt concentration, and temperature

1. enzyme; control chemical reactions

2. structural; helping to build the cell and body

3. chemical messengers in the body (hormones)

4. nutrients; used for energy

5. antibodies; help defend the body

6. channels, gates, and pumps allowing materials to pass through cell membranes

sugars to starches

made of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen, in a 1:2:1

1. main source of energy

2. structural purposes; building molecules in cells

3. tagging blood cells

GGFR -> glucose, galactose, fructose, ribose