PSY 336 Quiz 2

Feedback from muscles around and within the eye. Cues from eye movement.

Relaxing (thinner lens, weaker focus, distant objects) and contracting (thicker lens, stronger focus, closer objects) the ciliary muscles changes the shape of the lens. Relays information for objects within about 2 meters.

Eyes turn inward to keep objects in focus.

Difference in the relative positions of objects in the retinal images of the two eyes

How scene elements change as the observer moves THROUGH a scene. Motion Blur. Things closer to you move faster than things further away

Point the observer is moving toward. Objects closer to the FOE move outward slowly, objects closer to the observer move outward quickly. Rate deepens on distance from the observer, which can be used to infer depth

Objects are occluded (deleted) or revealed from behind occlusion (accreted). Specific distance where eyes do not cross

Difference in retinal image

In Front of Horopter

Behind the Horopter

Cells get tired, perceive things spinning in one direction as spinning in the opposite.

See opposite color when staring at a color for too long. ~ Smooth Pursuit: Continuous smooth movement of the eyes to track a moving object (or to track a stationary object while moving)

Respond to TWO modalities (kinds of senses such as visual and tactile)

Attend to and understand a single convo in a sea of noise. Other conversations are unattended

“People do not process unattended stimuli beyond basic physical properties.”　*States that Information is unavailable for later recall.

Attending multiple things at a time.

Single differences pop out. “Features” of things being searched for.

Voluntary attention, reflects deliberate conscious goals. ~ “Goal-relevant stimuli.”

When low-level stimuli “capture” attention independent from the observer’s goals or intentions

More waves, pitch, notes of a song. Number of wave cycles per second

Perception of how loud something is, amplitude. Physical pressure of sound.

Sound quality - Tuning Fork vs Singing Drunk Dudes

In the inner ear

Type 1 Auditory Nerve Fibers in Cochlea send info to the ipsilateral cochlear nucleus. Info first sent to the nucleus on the same side before crossing.

Weird ear wiggle shape. Useful in perceiving elevation

Similar to visual, connect to visual

identifying and goes ventral temporal to frontal

location and goes dorsal temporal to parietal

Related to sound entering the pinna

Pinna-induced modification in a sound’s frequency spectrum. Modification of sound depends on elevation, allowing differences in frequency spectrum to be used to estimate elevation.

Relative loudness at two ears

Head partially blocks sound waves traveling through it. Higher impact on higher frequencies

Relative time of arrival at the two ears. ~ Sound takes slightly longer to reach one ear than the other when sound is off center. Time difference is less than a millisecond, but still detected. Most effective for sudden onset sounds (clap, bang, snap) as opposed to complex extended waveforms

Soundwaves compress with movement

Smallest units of sound that, if changed, can change the meaning of a word. Ex: bAd Vs. bEd

Speech sounds produced with a relatively unrestricted flow of air through the pharynx and oral cavity. Produced by varying size and shape of the oral cavity.

Frontal lobe damage, impaired production but intact comprehension

Near the temporal junction, impaired comprehension but intact production.

Objects are occluded

revealed from behind occlusion