BIO FINAL QUESTIONS (FLASHCARDS)

Why is genetic variation important in helping a species survive?

If the environment changes, some members of the species will probably have adaptations that enable them to survive and reproduce.

Camouflage, mimicry, and behavior are all adaptations that support the idea of

survival of the fittest

Populations within ecosystems interact in many ways. Some of these interactions affect the evolution of a population. Which ecological interaction is required for natural selection to act on a population?

Competition Cheetahs capture prey by outrunning them over short distances. Over time, the fastest cheetahs have been more likely to survive and pass this characteristic to their offspring. This is an example of natural selection

When reproductive isolation prevents members of two populations from interbreeding and producing offspring, thus separating their gene pools, what process can occur?

speciation

Three similar species live together in an ecosystem. All three compete for resources. Which species will have the highest fitness and may evolve into a new species?

the species that has the most differences with the others

Fungi are different from plants primarily because they are

heterotrophic

Which of the following kinds of evidence might indicate that a mass extinction had taken place?

A lower rock layer on a cliff has a wide variety of fossils, but the rocks directly above this layer have few kinds of fossils.

coevolution

The process by which two species evolve in response to changes in each other over time is

Muscle cells contain a large number of mitochondria because

they need a great amount of energy to contract.

Cellular respiration is called an aerobic process because

it requires oxygen

What is the basic structure of a virus?

DNA or RNA surrounded by a protein coat

Which statement about members of the domain Archaea is true?

They can withstand more extreme environments than other organisms.

What is the relationship between mutualists?

Each organism benefits in some way

A heavy rainstorm washed fertilizer from a farm field into a pond causing an algal bloom. Which is the BEST explanation for this event?

The amount of fertilizer in the runoff was excessive.

What evidence suggests that fungi are more closely related to animals than to plants?

Cells of fungi have chitin

An autotroph is

an organism that can make its own food.

How do most fungi reproduce?

either sexual or asexual reproduction

Guard cells respond to conditions in the environment to regulate stomata to

prevent an excessive amount of water loss

Which of the following changes would most likely reduce the rate of photosynthesis?

reducing a plant's light exposure

A gardener pinches off the apical meristem, or tip, from an herb plant. How will the plant respond to this stimulus?

It will branch more, becoming bushier

During pollination in seed plants, pollen grains are carried to

female reproductive structures by wind or animals

As an adaptation to its environment, a cactus has leaves

reduced to thin, sharp spines

Which of the following describes an organ system within an organism?

a number of organs that interact to maintain homeostasis

What statement about the earliest chordates is most likely true?

they were aquatic

A species that undergoes adaptive radiation will

evolve into several different forms with a variety of lifestyles

Which of the following is an example of predation?

A lion hunts and eats a zebra.

In what way are herbivores and carnivores alike?

They both obtain energy by consuming other organisms

An important part of maintaining homeostasis is regulating the amount of water released or absorbed by the body. Which two systems mainly work together to perform this function?

digestive and excretory

Which body system is directly responsible for protecting an animal from disease?

immune

What is a role that the liver plays in maintaining homeostasis in the body?

It regulates the amount of glucose in the blood