chap18

Enlargement of the thyroid

gland

adrenal glands

male

calcium

cortex, outer region

secrete

third

female

sugar

sex glands (ovaries, testes)

sameness

hormone

potassium (an electrolyte)

insulin

milk

mucus

sodium (an electrolyte)

pancreas

parathyroid gland

growing

pituitary gland or hypophysis

body

solid structure

thyroid gland

thyroid gland

childbirth

poison

urine

assemble, gather together

blood condition

a substance

stimulating the function of

urine condition

good, normal

excessive, above

deficient, below

rapid, sharp, acid

all

four

three

• Benign tumor of adrenal medulla

• Excess epinephrine and norepinephrine

• Hypertension, tachycardia, palpitations, severe headaches, sweating, flushing of the face, and muscle spasms

Hypoglycemia, convulsions, fainting

• Lack of insulin secretion or resistance of insulin in promoting sugar, starch, and fat metabolism in cells

• Type 1 : childhood onset, typically can occur in adulthood

• Type 2 : adult onset, typically

Thyroid carcinoma

• Adrenal virilism

• Cushing syndrome

• Addison disease

• Pheochromocytoma

• Diabetes mellitus

• Hyperinsulinism

• Hyperparathyroidism (hypercalcemia, osteoporosis, kidney stones)

• Hypoparathyroidism (tetany, hypocalcemia)

• Acromegaly

• Gigantism

• Dwarfism

• Panhypopituitarism

• Syndrome of inappropiate antidiuretic hormone

• Diabetes insipidus

• Exophthalmic goiter (Graves disease, thyrotoxicosis)

• Nodular (adenomatous) goiter

• Cretinism (children)

• Endemic goiter

• Myxedema (adults)

stimulates calcium to leave the blood and enter the bone

causes calcium to mobilize from bones into the bloodstream

• outer portion of gland

• Secretes corticosteriods or steriods, chemicals derived from cholesterol

• inner portion of gland

• Secretes catecholamines chemicals derived from amino acids

1. luteinizing hormone (LH)

Hypokalemia