psych 2306 midterm #2

What turns people on?

individual differences

cultural influence

_______ ______ also plays an important role in sexual arousal.

steroid hormones

estrogen, testosterone, and oxytocin

testosterone

The #1 sex hormone in cis men that affects their libido is __________.

estrogen

The role of _______ in female sexual behavior remains unclear.

hypogonadism

gonads are not producing enough testosterone

limbic system

an area thought to be associated with sexual arousal and behavior

amygdala

fear factor of the brain

hippocampus

memory system of the brain

dopamine

associated with sexual arousal and response

serotonin

high levels of _________ can diminish sexual arousal and response

touch

stimulation of the various skin surfaces is a more frequent source of human sexual arousal than any other type of sensory stimulus

primary erogenous zone

genitalia, nipples, neck, perineum, anus, breasts, inner surface of thighs, armpits, navel, ears, and the mouth

secondary erogenous zone

other areas of the body that have taken on erotic significance through sexual conditioning

smelling

We are conditioned to associate what is "good" _________.

taste

______ is one of the sensual senses that has been least investigated.

vision

emphasis we often place on sexual appearance

hearing

• words, conversation, moaning, and silence

talking

________ can be informative, helpful, and intimate.

aphrodisiacs

substance that supposedly increases sexual desire

anaphrodisiacs

inhibit sexual behavior

kaplan's 3 stage model

difficulties during sex occur in three stages: desire, excitement, and orgasm

masters and johnson's 4 stage model

these happen regardless of method of stimulation: excitement, plateau, orgasm, and resolution

excitement

increased vasocongestion, myotonia, heart rate, and blood pressure

plateau

increase in blood pressure, heart, and breathing rates

orgasm

oxytocin release

resolution

sexual systems return to non-excited states

women

_________ are more likely to be able to have multiple orgasms.

pleasure

Points of _________ are unique to every individual.

toys

_____ come in different materials and need to be sanitized after every use.

celibate

physically mature person who does not engage in sexual behavior and is a form of sexual expression

complete celibacy

a person neither masturbates nor has sexual contact with another person

partial celibacy

an individual masturbates but does not have interpersonal sexual contact

mind

Some forms of sexual behavior occur within a person's _____.

occur during sleep without a person's conscious direction

erotic dreams

erotic fantasy

commonly occur during daydreams, masturbation, or sexual encounters with a partner

fantasy fiction

• source of pleasure and arousal

• a way to mentally rehearse and anticipate new sexual experiences

• allow tolerable expression of "forbidden" wishes without actually engaging in it

• provide relief from gender-role expectations

men's, women's

______ fantasies are more active and focus more on a _______ body and what they want to do with it.

women's, men's

_______ fantasies are more passive and focus more on _____ interest in their bodies.

masturbation

stimulation of one's own genitals to create sexual pleasure

purposes of masturbation

• relieve sexual tension

• valuable means of self exploration

• self stimulation is important for learning about arousal and experience

• helps people sleep at night

vaginal insertion

______ _______ is the least common form of masturbation.

sex toys

_____ ______ are used for added enjoyment or variation in self-stimulation

kissing

______ can be erotic, intense, and profound because their are many nerve endings in the mouth.

touch

_______ is a form of communication and connects two people.

sexual expression

______ _______ exists within the context of motivation and meanings of the individuals involved and the relationship as a whole.

cunnilingus

oral stimulation of the vulva or clitoris

fellatio

oral stimulation of the penis

analingus

oral stimulation of the anus

tribadism

rubbing bodies together for sexual pleasure

coitus

a heterosexual couple can chose a wide range of positions for penile -vaginal intercourse

kinky sex

expanding sexual repertoire to include more

the maltz hierarchy

within which sexual experiences occur is critically important in determining whether they are positive for individuals and relationships

authentic sexual intimacy

• level +3

• profound expression of love for one another that brings a deep sense of connection to onself and one's partner

love making

• level +2

• mutual pleasure through sexual creativity and experimentation regardless of gender roles

positive role fulfillment

• level +1

• mutual respect and reduction of sexual tension

impersonal interaction

• level -1

• lack of respect for oneself and others

abusive interaction

• level -2

• psychological coercion, damaging to a person's self-esteem, and non-violent

violent interaction

• level -3

• purposeful expression of hostility and sex organs are weapons and targets

blaming the victim

devaluing act where the victim of a crime, an accident, or any type of abusive behavior is held as wholly or partially responsible for the wrongful conduct committed against them

consent

One should presume ______ has not been given in the absence of clear, positive agreement.

sexual orientation

sexual attraction to one's own sex, the other sex, both sexes, or lack of interest in either sex

attraction, behavior, identity

Sexual orientation includes ______, ______, and ______.

erotic, emotional

Attraction is made up of two parts ______ and ________.

identity

label we use to ascribe to our sexuality based on our experiences of our attractions and behaviors

kinsey scale

The ____ _____ shows how the binary system is incomplete.

heteroflexibility

individuals who are primarily heterosexuals and have some degrees of sexual interest and/or experiences with the same sex

homoflexibility

individuals who are primarily homosexual and have some degree of sexual interest in and/or experience with the other sex

sapiosexual

finds intelligence to be the most sexually attractive feature

pansexuality, polysexuality, omnisexuality, and queer

refers to sexual attraction, romantic love, or emotional attraction toward people or any sex or gender identity

sexual fluidity

variability in same-sex and other sex attraction and involvement at different times and situations throughout the life span

asexuality

feeling no sexual attraction towards another person

bisexuality

people who have the capacity for emotional, romantic, and/or physical attraction to more than one sex

myths about bisexuality

• they will always leave their partner because they are never satisfied since they are attracted to more than one gender

• they have double the amount of people to date

• they just haven't come out yet

"by default" myth

some people believe that people become homosexual because of unhappy heterosexual experiences

seduction myth

some people believe that young people become homosexual because they have been seduced or turned on by older homosexual people

Freud

______ argued that the absence of parents affects how children learn to be attached to other people.

monozygotic, dizygotic

Twin studies find that _________ twins are more likely to both be LGB than ______ twins.

gender non-conformity

a lack of conformity to stereotypical masculine and feminine behaviors

conversion therapy

attempts to "de-gay" a person based on the idea that being gay is "intrinsically disordered" even though it's been proven not to be

homophobia

irrational fears the homosexuality in oneself or loathing towards one's own homosexuality

intrapersonal homophobia

internalized homophobia

interpersonal homophobia

taking those negative thoughts against the LBGTQ+ community and making them verbal

institutional homophobia

rules that put the LGBTQ+ people in a lower place

cultural homophobia

cultural norm or opinion against the LGBTQ+ community

heterosexism

belief that heterosexuality is superior to homosexuality

heteronegativity

__________ inhibits the ability of heterosexuals to form close, intimate relationships with members of their own sex.

hate crimes prevention act

includes attacks motivated by sex, sexual orientation, gender identity, and disability

gender, sex

_____ and _____ are not the same as sexual orientation.

Why do all the letters in the acronym go together?

everyone in the community shares the same developmental, psychological, medical, spiritual, legal, and historical experiences

coming out

the process of becoming aware of and disclosing one's homosexual activity

meanings

Sex can have multiple _________.

Greta Christina

"between women, no one method has a centuries-old tradition of being the one that counts"

sex

Diverse _____ repertoires.

sequence

The sexual _______ matters because it can increase risk for sexual disease and infection.

transcend

Sexual behaviors _______ gender.

infection

Sexual health is NOT the absence of _______.

compulsive heterosexuality

construction of normal and deviant sexualities

78

__%of sex education websites define sex as penis-vagina intercourse.

sexual dysfunctions

psychophysiological problems that have an impact on an individual's ability to have satisfying sexual relations, causing marked emotional distress, and interpersonal difficulties