Chapter 8: Microbial Genetics

________ (direct) selection involves the detection of mutant cells by rejection of the unmutated parent cells.

________ is the synthesis of a complementary strand of RNA from a DNA template.

The genotype of an organism is its ________- all its DNA- the information that codes for all the particular characteristics of the organism.

________ refers to actual, expressed properties, such as the organisms ability to perform a particular chemical reaction.

Thus, ________ are composed of exons, the regions of DNA expressed, and introns, the intervening regions of DNA that do not encode protein.

In all of the mechanisms, the transfer involves a(n) ________ cell that gives a portion of its total DNA to a recipient cell.

________ are structures containing DNA that physi- cally carry hereditary information; the ________ contain the genes.

Noncoding regions called short tandem repeats (STRs) occur in most genomes, including that of ________.

________ are repeating sequences of two- to five- base sequences.

The ________ is called natural selection.

A(n) ________ is a permanent change in the base sequence of DNA.

________ having a nutritional requirement that is absent in the parent is known as an auxotroph.

The ________ can be shown as flowing from DNA to RNA to proteins, as follows:

The ________, the set of rules that determines how a nucleotide sequence is converted into the amino acid sequence of a protein.

When ________ is present, the tryptophan acts as a corepressor binding to the repressor protein.

In ________, the structural genes are transcribed until they are turned off.

Genetics is the ________.

________ is not restricted to UV- induced damage; it can repair mutations from other causes as well.

________ refers to the exchange of genes between two DNA molecules to form new combinations of genes on a chromosome.

Each ________ has an anticodon, a sequence of three bases that is complementary to a codon.

________ (mRNA) carries the coded information for making specific proteins from DNA to ribosomes, where proteins are synthesized.

The ________ in a cell is called the genome.

________ begins when RNA polymerase binds to the DNA at a site called the promoter.