RESPIRATORY SYSTEM

Which of the following statements are correct?

1. Normal exhalation during quiet breathing is an active involving intensive muscle contraction.

2. Passive exhalation results from elastic re-coil of the chest wall and lungs.

3. Air flow during breathing is due to a pressure gradient between the lungs and the atmosphere air.

4. During normal breathing, the pressure between the two pleural layers (intrapleural pressure) is always sub-atmospheric.

5. Surface tension of alveolar fluid facilitates inhalation.

Which of the following is/are structural feature/s of the trachea?

A pediatric patient was rush to the ER as he accidentally swallowed a 1 - peso coin. Upon chest x-ray, the foreign body was seen to be lodged in the right bronchus. Which of the following explains why foreign bodies tend to lodge in this area?

This serous membrane lines the wall of the thoracic cavity.

Serous membrane that surrounds the lungs

Site of external respiration

Secretes surfactant

Provides a resonating chamber for speech sounds

Warms, moistens, and filters air

Simple squamous epithelial cells that is the site of gas exchange

Houses the vocal cords

Voice is produced when air is directed against the vocals folds they vibrate and produces sound. This is possible when the true vocal folds are adducted or pulled closely together thereby closing the rima glottidis. The muscle responsible for this action is:

The three basic steps of respiration are pulmonary ventilation, external respiration, and cellular respiration.

It is the sum of the inspiratory reserve volume, tidal volume, and expiratory reserve volume

Which of the following is NOT part of the bronchial tree?

Which of the following best explains the process involved in normal, quiet exhalation?

During puberty, this cartilage becomes more prominent in males' anterior neck due to presence of male sex hormones.

The mucous membrane of the larynx forms two pairs of folds. A superior pair of folds and an inferior pair of folds. The superior folds, also known as the false vocal cords are namely referred to as:

A cup shaped outpouching lined by simple squamous epithelium and supported by a think elastic membrane

Which of the following is a causative agent for COVID-19?

While at rest, a healthy adult averages 12-20 breaths per minutes each inhalation and exhalation moving about 500 ml of air and out of the lungs. The volume of one breath is termed:

Functions as a passageway for air and food; resonating chamber for speech sounds and houses the tonsils.

Pharynx region housing the palatine and lingual tonsils.

Connects the laryngopharynx with the trachea; houses the vocal cords

Serous membrane that surrounds the lungs

Functions in warming, moistening and filtering air; receives olfactory stimuli

Simple squamous epithelial cells forming a continuous lining of the alveolar wall; sites of gas exchange

Forms anterior wall of the larynx

Tubular passageway for air connecting the larynx to the bronchi

Cuboidal cells that secrete alveolar fluid and surfactant

Forms inferior wall of the larynx; landmark for tracheotomy

Prevents food or fluid form entering the airways

Air passageways entering the lungs

Ridge covered by a sensitive mucous membrane; irritation triggers cough reflex

Which of the following is the correct sequence of the tracheal wall layers from deep to superficial?

This muscle is the most important during normal quiet inhalation

The respiratory system consists of the following organs/structures. Which among the choices makes the statement correct.

1. vocal cords

2. Bronchi

3. Windpipe

4. Conchae

within the large cavity beyond the nasal vestibule in the anterior aspect of the skull lying inferior to the nasal bone and superior to the mouth, a hollow space located within the area is called:

The vocal cords are lined by what epithelium?

The following are layers of the tracheal wall from deep to superficial EXCEPT:

The external nose is the portion of the nose visible on the face and consists of a supporting framework of bone and hyaline cartilage. It has been noted to have three functions except:

For inhalation to occur, air pressure in the alveoli must be less than atmospheric pressure; for exhalation to occur, air pressure in the alveoli must be greatier than atmospheric pressure.

It consists of two fused plates of hyaline cartilage that form the anterior wall of the larynx giving it a triangular shape. This structure is also known as your "Adam's Apple".

During contraction of the intrinsic muscles of the larynx. They pull on the arytenoid cartilages causing it to pivot and slide. Contraction of what muscles allows air entry into the trachea opening the rima glottidis?

Oxygenated blood from the lungs are sent back to the heart through which vessels?

Which of the following anatomical structures is NOT part of the conducting zone?

B.R. is a chronic smoker for 20 years and has a hoarse voice when talking. Which of the following best explains the voice hoarseness?

The walls of the alveoli consists of two types of alveolar epithelial cells. This type is considered to be more numerous and is the main site of gas exchange.

Which of the following statements best explains why men's voice have a lower range of pitch?

They are paired cone-shaped organs in the thoracic cavity. They are separated from each other by the heart and other structures in the mediastinum.

The lower respiratory system includes the following structures EXCEPT:

One or two fissures divide each lung into lobes. This fissure is exclusively located on the Right Lung.

What structural changes occur from primary bronchi to terminal bronchioles?

1. The mucous membrane changes from pseudo-stratified ciliated columnar epithelium to nonciliated simple cuboidal epithelium.

2. The number of goblet cells increases.

3. The amount of smooth muscle increases.

4. Incomplete rings of cartilage disappear.

5. The amount of branching decreases.

A large, leaf shaped piece of elastic cartilage that is covered with epithelium. This is an important structure during deglutition

The structure is composed of a ring of hyaline cartilage that forms the inferior wall of the larynx. It is also a landmark for making an emergency airway called of tracheotomy.

What happens during contraction of the diaphragm during quiet inhalation?

What is the function of the conchae in the nasal cavity?

Which of the following forms the respiratory membrane? I. Type 1 and 2 alveolar cells II. Epithelial basement membrane III. Capillary basement membrane IV. Capillary endothelium