Anatomy Lab Practical

Connective tissue

Transportation, defense, and maintenance of homeostasis.

Plasma, buffy coat, and RBC layer

Erythrocytes

Leukocytes

Measures the percent of RBC’s

• small

• a biconcave disc- plump outside, thin middle

• High SA to Volume ratio- important for gas exchange

• Discs can stack - can go through narrow vessels

• discs can bend and flex entering small capillaries

Neutrophils

Lymphocytes

Monocytes

Eosinophils

Basophils

Granulocytes- the phils

agranulocytes- the cytes

• most abundant

• multilobed nuclei

• phagocytize pathogens and debris

• Pale red and blue cytoplasmic granules

• bilobed nucleus

• Red cytoplasmic granules

• kill parasitic worms

• role in allergies and asthma

• least abundant

• lobed nucleus

• large blue/purple cytoplasmic granules

• release histamine and contain heparin

• U/kidney shaped nucleus

• Gray/blue cytoplasm

• largest WBC

• develop into macrophages and phagocytize debris and pathogens

• Spherical/indented nucleus

• Pale blue cytoplasm

• most immune response, direct cell attack

• Cytoplasmic fragments containing granules

• stain in deep purple

• seal small tears in blood vessels, instrumental in clotting

A, B, AB, and O

+ blood type

A- receive A and O (can donate to A and AB)

B- receive B and O (Can donate to B and AB)

AB- receive all blood (can donate only to AB)

O- only O (Can donate to all blood types)

• around the heart

• contains 2 layers, fibrous and serous pericardium

• parietal -outer wall

• visceral -inner wall

Right atrium → tricuspid valve → right ventricle → pulmonary semilunar valve → pulmonary trunk → pulmonary arteries → lungs > pulmonary veins > left atrium > mitral valve > left ventricle > aortic semilunar valve > aorta

Coronary

Pulmonary

Systemic

1. SA Node

2. AV node

3. AV Bundle (Bundle of His)

4. Bundle branches

5. Purkinje fibers

initiates atrial depolarization

conduction system is delayed

Atrial depolarization (deflection from atrial depolarization)

Atrial repolarization, ventricular depolarization

Ventricular repolarization

Electrocardiogram

One waveform= one heart beat

respond to changes in blood pressure

respond to concentration of chemicals

BP increase

Increase in O2, pH

Decrease in CO2

The amount of blood pumped out by one ventricle during one heart beat

Heart rate x Stroke volume

amount of blood pumped out in one minute

Contraction

Relaxation

End diastolic volume

amount of blood that collects in ventricle during diastole

End systolic volume

amount of blood remaining in the ventricles after contraction

Systolic - Diastolic blood pressure

Open- during filling and atrial contraction

Closed- Isovolumetric contraction, Ejection, and Relaxation

Open- ventricular ejection

Closed- during filling, atrial contraction, isovolumetric relaxation and contraction.

Closing of the AV valves

Closing of the SL valves

Systolic/Diastolic

1. Aortic area

2. Pulmonic area

3. Erb’s point

4. Tricuspid area

5. Mitral/apex area

Sphygmomanometer and stethoscope

1. temporal

2. carotid

3. brachial

4. radial

5. femoral

6. Dorsalis pedis

7. Posterior tibial