Chapter 5

1/2 the distance between the nuclei of identical atoms that are bonded together

What happens to the period trend and group trend for atomic radii?

The energy required to remove one electron from a neutral atom of an element

What happens to the period trend and group trend for ionization energy?

The energy change that across when an electron is gained by a neutral atom

What happens to the period trend and group trend for electron affinity?

A measure of the ability of an atom in a chemical compound to allow e- from another atom in the compound

What happens to the period trend and group trend for electronegativity?

Size of ions

What happens to the period trend and group trend for ionic radii?

Why do atoms get larger as you move down a group/family but smaller as you go across a period?

An atom or group of bonded atoms that has a + or - charge

Positive ion (lose e-)

Decrease in size because more p+ so pull closer together

Negative ion (gain e-)

Increase in size because more e- so don’t pull as close together; e- repel each other so they spread out

The e- in the outer most energy level available to be lost, gained, or shared in the formation

What is the most electronegative element and given a value of 4.0

When atoms become ions, their radii change t/f

Any process that results in the formation of an ion

For main group elements’ valence e-, where are they located?

Why aren’t the inner e- involved in the valence shell?

Only inner shell e- are involved in forming compounds

How are chemical compounds formed?

…… is credited with developing a method that led to the determination of relative atomic mass

… organized elements on the periodic table according to their increasing …

The modern periodic table is now arranged in order of increasing ….. …… This was established by …..

The ….. ….. …. states that the physical and chemical properties of the elements are periodic functions of their ……. …..

What groups are in s-block?

What groups are in p-block?

What groups are in d-block?

What groups are in f-block?

What groups are too reactive to be found as a free element in nature?

What group elements are shiny metals and similar to the reactivity of group 2 elements?

What is the most distinctive property of the noble gases is that they are…..

The discovery of the noble gases changed Mendeleev’s periodic table by adding a new….

the physical and chemical properties of an element are functions of its atomic number

silvery appearance

soft enough to cut with knife

very reactive, must be stored in kerosene b/c they will react the water in the air

not found in nature as free elements, only in compounds

harder, denser, & stronger than alkali metals

higher boiling point

less reactive but also not found in nature as a free element

unique, does not share the same properties of Group 1

metals w/ typical metallic properties

good conductors, high luster

typically less reactive than alkali and alkaline-earth metals

some so nonreactive they do not easily form a compounds & exist as free elements (gold, platinum, palladium are the least reactive)

most reactive nonmetals

react very vigorously with most metals form salts

semiconducting elements

located in p-block with metals and nonmetals

harder & denser than the s-block metals, but softer than the d-block metals

shiny and similar to group 2 reactively

radioactive and only 1st four found naturally on earth, the rest made in the lab

the p-block elements along w/ s-block elements

rt. hand side = metals

lt. side & bottom = nonmetals

middle = 6 metalloids (B, Si, Ge, As, Sb, Te)